Architectural concepts in K-12 Schools

"The Crucified Christ and the Lynched God": Divine Solidarity in Suffering

Presenter(s): Kionna Ramsey

Abstract: This project asks a central question: "Can God suffer, and if so, what does that mean for how we understand God's power and presence?" Classical Christian theology has often said no, emphasizing God's unchanging and transcendent nature. But this research pushes that question further by asking what we see when we take both Scripture and human suffering earnestly. Looking first at the Hebrew Bible, this study shows that God is not distant or detached, but deeply involved: one who hears, sees, and responds to the cries of the oppressed. It then turns to the New Testament to argue that Jesus' suffering on the cross is not a contradiction of who God is, but a clearer picture of God's character. Engaging theologians like Jurgen Moltmann and James Cone, the cross is reframed not just as a moment of suffering, but as a site of divine solidarity. This becomes especially significant when placed alongside the history of lynching in America. Drawing on Cone, this project explores how the cross and the lynching tree interpret one another, revealing a God who does not stand at a distance from suffering, but is present within it. Womanist theology further expands this vision, emphasizing that God's solidarity is not just about enduring suffering, but about preserving dignity, agency, and life. Ultimately, this research argues that divine vulnerability is not weakness, but a deeper kind of power: one rooted in love, presence, and identification with the oppressed. In doing so, it offers a more integrated and justice-centered understanding of God that speaks to both faith and lived experience.

Reading Job as Theological Disruption in Post-Slavery America

Presenter(s): Caleb John

Abstract:  This project asks how Christian theology can speak truthfully about God in the face of Black suffering shaped by the afterlife of slavery without either justifying that suffering or abandoning faith altogether. It argues that the book of Job functions as a text of theological disruption, exposing the inadequacy of traditional theodicies that explain suffering through divine justice, moral order, or redemptive purpose. This study is situated within biblical scholarship on Job as a polyphonic and unresolved text highlighted by Daid C. Tollerton, post-catastrophic theology, and Black theological discourse. It engages James H. Cone, William R. Jones, Anthony B. Pinn, and Howard Thurman as interlocutors representing competing responses to suffering. Methodologically, the paper combines close textual analysis of Job with constructive theological reflection. Following Tollerton, Job is read as resisting explanatory closure: it rejects retributive theology, legitimates protest against God, and offers no final theodicy. This reading is then placed in dialogue with Black theology to test the limits of theological claims about divine justice. The central finding is that Job does not resolve suffering but disrupts the systems that attempt to justify it. In the context of Black suffering, this disruption creates space for a form of faith that is honest, resistant to easy explanation, and open to protest without collapsing into despair. This project is significant because it brings together Job scholarship and Black theology in a sustained way, offering a framework for theological honesty after catastrophe. It contributes by adapting post-Holocaust readings of Job to the context of post-slavery America, demonstrating that Job's refusal of closure is not a weakness but a necessary resource for thinking about God in the face of enduring injustice.

Stability studies on a mutant small laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor

Presenter(s): Evan Olson, Miles Rueger

Abstract:  Small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor is an enzyme that catalyzes an electron transfer from phenolic compounds to oxygen. The reaction produces phenolic dimers or oligomers and water. Enzymes that catalyze electron transfer from a variety of phenolic substrates are of interest in industry for applications such as bioremediation, biosensors, and biofuel cells. One obstacle to using the catalytic power of natural enzymes in industry is the instability and short lifetime of enzymes. To improve the stability of SLAC, we generated a single amino acid mutant, replacing the surface carboxylic acid of glutamate with the thiol of cysteine (E47C). Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels indicate the ability of the mutant enzyme to form intermolecular disulfide bonds and crosslink. Our hypothesis is that the crosslinked enzyme (SLAC molecules tethered to one another) will better mimic the natural crowded cellular environment and provide an increased stability. In experiments comparing the new mutant enzyme (E47C) to the wild-type enzyme (no mutation), preliminary data show a slight advantage to the mutant enzyme's activity (function) under heat stress. While the optimal pH for both the mutant and the wild-type is pH 9, there is no significant advantage to mutation observed for the range studied. Addition of organic solvent (33% ethanol) to the SLAC-catalyzed reaction show degradation of both enzymes, and no significant advantage to mutation. Future studies will better define under what conditions the crosslinking is observed and what functional advantages are enabled by the mutation.

Both Private and Public Lands Provide Important Habitat to Belize's Big Cat and Mammal Populations

Presenter(s): Hannah Sanavi

Abstract:  The conservation of large predators often requires more than protected parks alone, especially for species with large home ranges such as the jaguar (Panthera onca). This study asked whether both public protected lands and nearby private lands in central Belize can provide important habitat for big cats and other mammals. Maintaining wildlife corridors between protected areas is often essential for allowing animals to move across landscapes, and these corridors may include both public and privately owned land. To investigate wildlife presence across different land types, motion-activated wildlife cameras were used at multiple study sites in central Belize. Two of the sites were located within parks and protected preserves, while one site was located on privately owned land. The cameras were used to document Belize's five big cat species (jaguar, puma, ocelot, jaguarundi, and margay) as well as several potential prey species such as collared peccaries, agoutis, pacas, and armadillos. Wildlife detections were compared among sites using catch per unit effort (CPUE), a measure that estimates the number of individuals recorded per camera trap night. Four of the five big cat species were documented across the study sites, along with multiple prey species. Although the CPUE for big cats was lower on the privately owned Aracari site (1.23 cats per 100 trap nights) compared to Sibun Forest Preserve (2.04 cats per 100 traps nights) and 5 Blues Lake Nation Park (5.44 cats per 100 trap nights), the presence of these animals on both public and private lands suggests that privately owned areas adjacent to protected lands can support important wildlife populations. These findings highlight the importance of including private lands in conservation planning and maintaining habitat connectivity to support Belize's big cat populations.

Human Dimensions of a Novel Tailwater: Characterizing Angler Behavior on Alabama's Only Year-Round Trout Fishery

Presenter(s): Joseph Schefano

Abstract:  Effective management of recreational fisheries requires integrating "human-dimension" data to understand how anglers interact with unique aquatic resources. This study characterizes the angler population of the Sipsey Fork of the Black Warrior River, Alabama's only year-round tailwater trout fishery, using a combined roving and point-of-access creel survey conducted during the summer of 2025. Analysis of 43 interviewed anglers revealed a population that is predominantly male (90.69%) and white, with female and Black participation rates falling significantly below national averages. While gear use was nearly evenly split between fly (51.46%) and conventional tackle (48.54%), behavioral differences were stark: conventional anglers harvested fish at approximately twice the rate of fly anglers (76.47% vs 36.84%). Despite the lower-than-average catch rate of 1.46 fish per angler, the overall harvest rate of 60.49% was nearly 1.7 times higher than national freshwater averages, likely driven by the fishery's "put-andtake" stocking model and the novelty of trout in the Deep South. Furthermore, GIS-based analysis contradicted national trends by finding no distinguishable relationship between median household income and fishing method selection on the Sipsey Fork. These findings highlight the Sipsey Fork's role as a critical entry point for novice anglers and underscore the need for targeted outreach and enhanced education on sustainable handling practices to maintain the resilience of this socially significant Alabama fishery

A Broads Baseline: An Analysis of the Viability of 19th Century Landscape Art to Connect Communities to the Historic Relevance of Changing Climate

Presenter(s): Greta Liedtke

Abstract:  The Broads are a system of coastal man-made lakes in east England. They are an important ecosystem, supporting numerous rare and endangered species and acting as a vital carbon repository. Because of their location, the Broads are sensitive to environmental factors such as changing water levels, fluctuating temperatures, and human interference. As a landscape of notable natural beauty, the Broads region was heavily documented by the Norwich school of painters in the 1800s. The long history of human interaction with the Broads has provided posterity with visual and written data documenting the history of environmental change in the region. This research project evaluates the viability of the St. Benet's Abbey archeological area within the Broads as a site to engage the greater Norfolk community with the Broads landscape through art, and proposes a project to achieve that goal. Extending the record of environmental conditions and change into the pre-photographic age will help to promote public awareness and interest in ecological trends in the Broads that impact local communities. Comparison of 18th and 19th century landscape art and historical records to modern day conditions will provide a strong baseline for patterns of environmental change in the Broads region. An analysis of patterns of environmental change through the accessible medium of art will help the public to understand what conservation, preservation, and adaptation means in a constantly changing landscape. This report includes a brief overview of the Broads, research relating to the St. Benet's case study conducted in the fall of 2025, and a project proposal based on analysis of the research conducted.

Acorn X-Rays reveal relationships among weevil size, acorn size, weevil damage, and acorn germination.

Presenter(s): Arabella Hall, Elise Brown, Katie Capron, and Haley Pedigo

Abstract:  Every fall, oak trees drop large numbers of acorns, but only a small percentage actually grow into seedlings. Germination is influenced by traits like acorn volume and mass, stored reserves in the cotyledon, and the amount of internal damage due to weevil infestation, along with environmental conditions that affect seed viability. Acorn weevils (Curculio spp.) are considered one of the most damaging seed predators because females lay eggs directly into developing acorns, where the larvae consume the cotyledon, the acorn's food supply, as they develop. After feeding and developing, larvae exit the acorn, leaving an open exit hole that leaves the acorn vulnerable to bacterial growth, fungal growth, and dehydration. Since weevil feeding depletes stored food reserves needed for germination, this reduces the likelihood of germination and subsequent seedling growth. Acorn size varies substantially among oak species and between individuals of the same species. Larger acorns have more stored nutrient reserves and therefore are potentially more likely to geminate successfully, even after weevil infestation. Weevil size also varies substantially, within and among species. Presumably larger weevils may cause greater amounts of damage to the acorn, but in the literature, it is not well documented how weevil size influences the extent of damage inflicted by weevils on acorn contents. In order to examine the relationship between acorn size, weevil size, weevil damage, and acorn germination, we collected acorns from 6 oak species and measured the mass of emerging weevil larvae, then determined acorn mass, volume, internal damage by weevil feeding, and germination rate. We tested the following hypotheses: We predicted that larger acorns produce larger weevils and that larger weevils damage acorn cotyledons to a greater extent. 2. We also predicted that larger acorns, uninfested acorns, and acorns with less weevil damage, as measured by x-ray imagery, are more likely to germinate.

Characterizing Microbial Communities in Wastewater Biosolids for Antibiotic Resistance

Presenter(s): Sydney Smith

Abstract:  Biosolids (treated sewage sludge) are commonly applied to agricultural land as fertilizer due to their nutrient content. While biosolids can benefit soil by adding nutrients and organic matter, they may also contain contaminants including heavy metals, pesticides, and bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Understanding the microbial communities in biosolids is important for assessing potential environmental and health risks. We are characterizing the microbial communities in treated biosolids from Valley Creek Water Reclamation Facility and in soil from a nearby land application site using culture-based resistance profiling and metagenomic sequencing. We are currently analyzing the data to compare microbial community composition between biosolids and land-applied soil, and to identify potential antibiotic resistance genes. This work will help determine whether land application significantly alters soil microbial communities and whether antibiotic resistant bacteria persist after biosolids are applied to land. Understanding these microbial communities can inform wastewater treatment facilities about the safety of current biosolid management practices.

Effects of Gentle Sleep Deprivation Protocol on Behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster

Presenter(s): Vivian Crump, Jaxon Dildine, Hensley Elrod

Abstract:  Sleep is an essential process for the execution of cognitive functions in many organisms. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used as a model organism for studying the effects of sleep loss. In Drosophila, insufficient sleep has been shown to impair activity levels, learning, and memory similar to other organisms, including humans. This study utilized a gentle sleep deprivation protocol designed to mirror typical human sleep deprivation conditions on a wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster to assess the effects of social isolation and sleep deprivation on physical and cognitive behaviors including locomotion and aggression behavior.

Experimental test of ephippial use for reconstructing zooplankton histories

Presenter(s): Amanda Williams

Abstract:  Zooplankton are essential primary consumers in aquatic systems. Members of the order Cladocera reproduce via cyclical parthenogenesis; asexually in favorable environments but sexually during times of stress. Sexual reproduction is marked by production of ephippia, which house 1-2 eggs that may persist in diapause until environmental conditions become favorable. This provides opportunity for endurance, dispersal, and increased genetic diversity. Because they persist in the sediment, ephippia from sediment cores have been used to inform past environmental conditions and community dynamics. This work provides a unique experimental test of whether ephippial community structure reflects known zooplankton community structure under controlled stress (invasion) and connectivity treatments (which may support native communities against invasion). A fully-factorial twelve-week indoor mesocosm experiment was performed to test the effects of invader genetic diversity and native community connectivity on zooplankton community structure. This work examines whether the number of ephippia produced during the experiment reflect changes observed in the active zooplankton community. Three levels of connectivity (no native community, unconnected, connected) and four levels of genetic diversity of the invasive Daphnia lumholtzi (uninvaded, 2, 4, and 12-genotype) were used, with four replicates of each treatment totalling 48 mesocosms. Community connectivity was simulated by weekly introductions of zooplankton. Two samples from each mesocosm were taken at the conclusion of the experiment. Mesocosm contents were filtered through 80 micrometer mesh to produce the first sample, then algae mats and embedded ephippia were removed from the bottom. All samples were preserved in 95% ethanol. Ephippia from each sample were manually removed, counted, and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level.

Evaluating iChip technology for Isolating Bacteria from a Terrestrial Cold Sulfur Spring

Presenter(s): Henry Alperin

Abstract:  In this study, we are testing the feasibility of using an iChip at a terrestrial cold sulfur spring at Blount Springs, AL to isolate and culture populations of the bacteria in the genus Sulfurovum. In the past, isolation of bacterial populations at this location has been difficult to accomplish due to required growth factors by groups within the biofilm being challenging to reproduce. The iChip is designed to isolate and culture the groups that standard tools have struggled to grow. It accomplishes this by housing a small culture, often composed of only a single bacterium, separating the colony from competition with other bacteria via semi-permeable membranes while still providing the environmental factors necessary for its growth via diffusion. Research on cold sulfur springs' microbial communities is sparse compared to information on hot sulfur springs or hydrothermal marine vents. Using the ichip, we can more accurately determine the relationships that Sulfurovum engages in within its environment. Additionally, use of iChip functions as an important launch point for further research into the dynamics of the microbial community of the sulfur spring by showing that isolation of specific groups is possible for analysis.This study serves as an important bridge between utilizing modern microbiological toolsandtools and techniques and understanding extremophile biofilm communities more fully.

Lactobacillus-derived Postbiotics Alleviate Locomotor Deficits in an Aged Fruit Fly Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Presenter(s): Anna Caroline Flaming

Abstract:  Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, one of the fastest-growing age-related diseases. Lactobacillus-based probiotics have been identified as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate behavioral deficits in AD. Therapeutic benefits have been attributed to postbiotics, the soluble secretions of live bacteria. However, the impact of Lactobacillus postbiotics on an aged AD model is unknown. This study explores the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum-based postbiotics (Lp-PBx) in slowing the progression of the locomotor deficits in an aged Drosophila melanogaster model of AD. Female flies overexpressing human amyloid-beta protein precursor and beta-site cleaving enzyme were randomized to receive sucrose or Lp-PBx, 14 days post-eclosion. Intervention was administered in four 24-hour doses twice a week for 2 weeks. Total food intake (FI) was recorded. Locomotion was assessed using a negative geotaxis assay, testing the flies' ability to cross a 2, 4, and 8cm mark in 10 seconds. Preliminary data indicated both genotype (p=0.0002) and supplementation (p=0.0008) significantly affected total FI. While control flies consumed more than AD flies regardless of supplementation (4.25 vs. 2.88 ul/fly/24h), flies (i.e. control and AD) supplemented with Lp-PBx ate more than those fed sucrose (4.14 vs. 2.99 uL/fly/24 hours). Regardless of genotype, Lp-PBx supplementation significantly improved climbing speed to pass a 2, 4, and 8cm mark with 1.6-, 2.3- and 5-fold increases, respectively, compared to sucrose supplementation (p<0.05). In summary, our preliminary data suggest that Lp-PBx supplementation mitigates age-associated locomotor deficits in aged AD flies, with benefits also being observed in normal aging flies.

Tryptophan as Target of Lactobacillus Byproducts in a pre-clinical model of Alzheimer's Disease

Presenter(s): Abby Morrow

Abstract:  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting~7.2 million adults ages 65 and older. Benefits from oral probiotics on behavioral deficits in AD have been linked to changes in gut tryptophan metabolism, a pathway crucially involved with sleep and cognition and commonly altered in AD patients. However, emerging evidence suggests that these effects may not stem from the bacteria, but rather from postbiotics, the active substances released by living bacteria. Our lab has shown that Lactobacillus plantarum and its derived postbiotics are equally effective at mitigating locomotion deficits in a fruit fly model of AD. This study aimed at determining whether the behavioral improvements we observed following postbiotic treatment are associated to changes in the levels of tryptophan-derived metabolites. Flies overexpressing human amyloid-beta protein precursor and beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 in neuronal tissue were used as AD model. Driver alone cohorts were used as controls. Flies were randomized to receive 1) 5% sucrose, 2) L.plantarum (Lp), or 3) L.plantarum postbiotic (Lp-PBx), via capillary feeding in four 24-hour doses twice a week for 2 weeks. Groups of 30 fly heads were dissected for each genotype, treatment and sex cohort. Tryptophan and its metabolites: neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KA) and neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) were quantified using LC/MS/MS. Regardless of genotype, tryptophan levels were lower in females receiving Lp-PBx than those fed sucrose (p=0.032). While AD males were unaffected by interventions, control males fed Lp exhibited significantly lower KA levels compared to their sucrose-fed counterparts (p=0.035). Regardless of supplementation, 3-HK levels were ~1.7- and ~20-fold higher in AD females and males, respectively, compared to controls (p<0.0001). Taken together, our findings suggest a sex-specific modulation of tryptophan homeostasis by the postbiotic intervention, a finding that merits further investigation.

From Gut to Brain: Comparing Probiotic and Postbiotic Effects on Memory in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Presenter(s): Harrison Taylor

Abstract:  Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline but lacks effective treatment. The gut-brain axis has emerged as a therapeutic target, with oral administration of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), providing cognitive benefits. These benefits may arise from the secreted molecules of live bacteria, known as postbiotics, but their potential effects remain unclear. This study compared the effectiveness of Lp and its postbiotics at correcting memory deficits in a fly AD model. Methods: Lp was cultured in MRS broth at 37 C for 18 hours, centrifuged to obtain a probiotic pellet, and the pellet re-suspended to a concentration of 1.0 * 10^9 CFU/mL. The upper 80% of the supernatant was collected and filtered through a 0.2-micron filter to obtain a cell-free postbiotic fraction. Males overexpressing the human amyloid beta precursor protein and the human beta-site APP cleaving enzyme targeted neuronally were used as the AD models. Driver alone-flies were used as controls. Each group received 1) sucrose, 2)Lp, or 3)Lp-derived postbiotics (Lp-PBx). The Lp and Lp-PBx preparations were diluted 1:2 in 5% sucrose. Flies underwent four 24-hour feeding sessions twice weekly for two weeks. Memory performance was assessed using an aversive phototaxic suppression assay which trained flies to dislike like by pairing light to an aversive odor. Increased dark preference is expected after training if memory is preserved. Results: Sucrose-fed and control males showed increased dark preference after training, while dark preference was unchanged in AD males. While Lp-supplemented AD flies moved significantly towards dark after training (p=0.05), Lp-PBx tended to increase dark preference in the same cohort (p=0.06). Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the memory deficits in our AD model and provide preliminary evidence that both Lp and Lp-PBx interventions have the potential to mitigate memory impairments in AD males.

Facing Uncertainty: A Study of Social Security Expectations and Retirement Savings Behavior

Presenter(s): Sarah Childress

Abstract:  This study examines whether individual expectations of future Social Security benefit reductions influence private retirement savings behavior using data from the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study. The results indicate that expectations of reduced Social Security benefits are not a statistically significant predictor of private savings behavior. In contrast, demographic and economic factors, including household income, age, and job tenure, are positively and significantly associated with higher levels of retirement savings, consistent with the life-cycle savings hypothesis. By incorporating both behavioral perceptions and traditional economic variables, this study contributes to the literature on retirement planning by highlighting a disconnect between expectations and financial decision-making. The findings underscore the limited role of subjective expectations in shaping savings behavior and raise concerns regarding individuals' preparedness for potential future reductions in Social Security benefits.

Synthesis of Antimicrobial Bulbimidazole Natural Products

Presenter(s): Jordan Laboon, Anna Voynik

Abstract:  The development of novel antibacterial compounds is essential for combating antibiotic resistance. Natural products have long served as a source of inspiration for therapeutics. Recently, several classes of imidazole-containing natural products have been reported with promising antibacterial potential. Our aim is to synthesize and investigate the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these imidazole-containing natural products through the rational design of synthetic analogs. Thus far, we have synthesized >10 analogs within the bulbimidazole natural product family with varying hydrophobic tails while maintaining the imidazole head moiety. Initial tests against gram-positive bacterium S. aureus have revealed more moderate biological activity in contrast to their potent reported activity. Currently, we are synthesizing a second generation of compounds to further understand the SAR of bulbimidazole derivatives toward the development of novel antimicrobials.

Evaluating Vanadyl Porphyrins as Molecular Spin Qubits via p Estimation

Presenter(s): Micah Gaddy, Lucy Jolley, Chloe McCarver, Karis Williamson

Abstract:  Reliable benchmarking of coherent spin control in molecular electron spin qubits requires metrics that are robust against microwave amplitude fluctuations and common spectrometer artifacts. Recently, a p-estimation framework was introduced in which p is calculated from the half-cycle area of a normalized nutation waveform, bounded by successive zero crossings and evaluated via numerical integration. Here, we present an improved protocol that extends this approach to systems exhibiting stronger damping. A first-order damping correction is incorporated to compensate for decay-induced bias in the half-cycle integral, improving the accuracy of the p estimator without requiring additional nutation data or modified acquisition parameters. Systematic error channels are investigated using generated sine-wave datasets to assess robustness with respect to sampling interval, early-time truncation due to pulse rise time, zero-crossing refinement procedures, and normalization strategies. This analysis identifies operating conditions that minimize bias and variance in p-estimation. The method is validated using pulsed EPR nutation measurements of vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrin (VO-TPP), where stable performance is observed under enhanced damping and consistent behavior is maintained across microwave attenuation settings. This workflow preserves the field independence of the metric while extending its applicability to more strongly damped Rabi oscillations, enabling reproducible comparison of coherent spin-rotation fidelity across molecular electron spin qubits.

Designing Eye-Tracking Tasks to Investigate Students' Learning from Historical Content in General Chemistry Textbooks

Presenter(s): Mckayla Bean, Carter Britt, Elizabeth Tremblay-Cox

Abstract:  General chemistry textbooks often include historical narratives describing key scientific discoveries and the scientists involved in developing foundational chemical theories. Although this content is intended to provide disciplinary context and support students' understanding of the nature of science, little empirical evidence exists regarding how students engage with this content or how it influences learning. For this project, we conducted a content analysis of five widely used general chemistry textbooks to characterize the types and presentation of historical content embedded within textbook pages. Results were used to design a series of eye-tracking tasks aimed at investigating how students visually engage with historical and conceptual chemistry content. Specifically, the resulting tasks will allow our research group to examine patterns of visual attention and cognitive effort as students read textbook pages and to explore how these patterns relate to conceptual learning outcomes. This work contributes to chemistry education research that will inform the design and pedagogical use of historical content in undergraduate chemistry instructional materials.

Ultraviolet-ozone-assisted vapor deposition of sub-stoichiometric and stoichiometric silica from fiberglass onto gold surfaces

Presenter(s): Allison C. Sargent

Abstract:  This research has centered on examining ultraviolet/ozone (UVO3)-assisted volatilization of silica from fiberglass and its vapor deposition onto gold surfaces as monolayer quantities in sub-stoichiometric (O:Si < 2) or stoichiometric (O:Si = 2) form. While UVO3 treatment has long been recognized as a convenient, solvent-free method for surface cleaning, its potential ability to volatilize the oxides of nonmetals (such as silica) - which can then be redeposited onto other surfaces - appears to be relatively unexplored. Given their electrically insulating characteristics, ultrathin silica films have been commonly used within transistors in the microelectronics industry, particularly in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-based devices. Thus, the development of methods for producing ultrathin silica layers on various surfaces is useful in this regard. UVO3 cleaning uses two UV lines (generated by low-pressure Hg discharge lamps) to generate reactive species: 184.9 nm, which produces highly reactive atomic oxygen from dioxygen gas, which then reacts with dioxygen to produce ozone; and (2) 253.7 nm, which is absorbed by the photogenerated ozone, regenerating dioxygen and atomic oxygen. The two UV lines can also photoexcite most of the chemical bonds present in carbon contaminants on surfaces. Together, these two features - chemical bond photoexcitation and the creation of gas-phase atomic oxygen - result in an efficient photolytic method for producing volatile byproducts (such as carbon dioxide and water vapor) from carbonaceous contaminants, leading to their easy removal from the surface. Evidence for UVO3-assisted vaporization and deposition of ultrathin silica (both stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric) onto gold surfaces has been obtained by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), spectral simulation of the RAIRS data, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Information on these studies will be presented and discussed.

Global Coverage: Examining the Disparity of News Coverage in Recent African Conflicts

Presenter(s): Madison Frey

Abstract:  Conflict journalism makes the public aware of issues related to wars and other miliary actions an international scale. Many major African conflicts, such as the Tigray War and the War in Sudan, receive little coverage from American news outlets. This study analyzes differences in coverage based on region and conflict in the telling of international conflict stories to a principally American audience. The central research question is: What difference exist between coverage of African annd western conflicts in The New York Times? A content analysis of 200 New York Times articles explored news sourcing (including source gender and position), the presence of proposed solutions, and other aspects of coverage including language used and presence of visuals. Data revealed a decrease in political sources in The New York Times articles centered on wars in Africa. The coverage of African wars focused on more humanitarian aspects of the conflicts. American political sources were less common in coverage of African conflicts than conflicts in Europe and the Middle East. Solutions were posed in 12% of African war coverage compared to 1% of coverage of Europe and the Middle East. Coverage of African wars included more humanitarian efforts than the other wars and called for more action compared to the wars that took place in other regions. The study allows for further research into how wars make their way into the American mind and why even though articles covered these "invisible" wars, they failed to make their way into broader public knowledge. Further research can seek to explain the whys and why nots that the data presented in the articles. The study acts as a foundation for many future questions on the way that Africa is portaryed in media, but provides a foundation of direct statistical differences in coverage.

The Emotions, Social Patterns, and Outcomes of Social Media Algorithm Exposure Upon Young Adults

Presenter(s): Frances Inabnet

Abstract:  This study seeks to understand the relationship between prolonged social media use and its effect on young adults' mental health. After witnessing the psychological effects of constant social media use during COVID-19 among my peers, I noticed similar patterns within my own habits that seemed linked to extensive exposure. Theories such as Uses and Gratifications Theory, Social Comparison Theory, and Filter Bubble Theory all highlight the SNS reward system and how limited exposure to diverse views can create mental barriers. The literature review will draw on qualitative data from previous studies on social networking services (SNS) and their addictive nature. Additional qualitative data will be gathered through interviews with 10-15 students aged 19 and up, focusing on digital habits, emotional experiences, mood before and after scrolling, self-comparison, FOMO, self-esteem, and communication patterns. Research shows that social media algorithms can create filter bubbles, reinforcing existing preferences and narrowing perspectives. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok encourage curated content and self-presentation, which can lead to unrealistic expectations and increased self-comparison. For example, individuals exposed to specific types of content repeatedly may develop comparison-based thinking without recognizing how to challenge it. Studies also indicate that heavier social media use is associated with higher levels of self-comparison and lower self-esteem, with significant differences across usage levels and gender. While users are often motivated by entertainment, social interaction, and personal interests, excessive use has also been linked to increased anxiety, stress, and decreased well-being. This study hypothesizes that prolonged social media exposure is correlated with decreased optimism and self-esteem among young adults.

Female Representation in American War Cinema

Presenter(s): Lauren King

Abstract:  War films hold a special place in cinema. They show viewers the best of soldiers, along with the unpleasant truths of combat that both soldiers and civilians face during war. Historically, many popular war films center on men being the main characters. Within these stories, women tend to be pushed to the side. Female characters are depicted as wives and girlfriends waiting for the day their soldier comes back home, or nurses aiding soldiers waiting for the male doctor to take charge. Other times, women are simply background characters with zero relevance to the fight at all. Although some of this pertains to maintaining historical accuracy, more modern war movies underrepresent women as active participants in the military. This research conducts a content analysis of popular high-grossing war films to examine how women are portrayed in these films. Specifically analyzing the roles, overall significance, and characterization of female characters in this genre. Conversations happening right now tend to discuss whether women should continue to be portrayed in this way. By analyzing various war films, this research will examine the different female characters portrayed and take a deeper dive into the questions behind their characters and add to this conversation.

Media Portrayals of Substance Use and Audience Perception

Presenter(s): Emmy Yantis

Abstract:  Substance use is a pervasive theme across contemporary media, including television, film, and social media, where it is frequently depicted in social, emotional, and aestheticized contexts. This study examines how such portrayals influence audience perceptions, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Existing research demonstrates that substance use is often presented without negative consequences, contributing to the normalization and social acceptability of these behaviors. At the same time, news media may frame substance use through stigmatizing narratives, creating conflicting messages about both the behavior and individuals with substance use disorders. Building on this literature, this study employs a qualitative content analysis of the television series Tell Me Lies to explore how substance use is framed, aestheticized, and contextualized within a contemporary narrative. The analysis focuses on key dimensions including social context, visual emphasis, narrative framing, depiction of consequences, and representations of stigma. Episodes from multiple seasons are systematically coded to identify recurring themes and patterns in how substance use is portrayed. This research aims to deepen understanding of how media representations shape perceptions of risk, desirability, and social norms surrounding substance use. By examining both normalization and stigma within a single media text, the study highlights the complexity of media influence and its potential implications for audience attitudes and behaviors. Findings contribute to ongoing discussions about media responsibility and the role of representation in shaping public understanding of substance use.

How Listening to True Crime Podcasts Can Affect One's View of the World and the People That Surround Them

Presenter(s): Madison Johnson

Abstract:  The world has always consumed information long before online media was present. Whether it be newspapers, word of mouth, interpersonal communications, people have always given and received information. One of the media forms that I am focusing on is Podcasts. Specifically with True Crime Podcasts. True Crime podcast are one of the top five most popular podcast genres with comedy and news. The top three listened to Crime Podcasts are Crime Junkie, Morbid, and Dateline. True Crime Podcast have good intentions to make people aware of present news around them and to be more prepared to handle similar situations if they were to occur. However, the intentions an author has are not always the results the audience experiences. Media content matters and effects how we interact with the world. In my research paper I will be looking at how crime media affects people's view of the world. I am conducting my primary research through focus groups to better understand three key themes and questions. First, I ask the questions of how popular podcasts are and what they are popular if so. Secondly, I look at the "Mean World Theory" and how what people consume directly relates to how they see the world and everything in it. Lastly, I analyze the different reasons people listen or don't listen to crime media as well as the different mental outcomes that could occur from either listening or not listening. Does consuming crime media help you be more prepared, make you scared, make you over cautious and paranoid, or is there a healthy medium?

Curated Wilderness: Social Media, Visitor Expectations, and Tourism Impacts in U.S. National Parks

Presenter(s): Chloe Williams

Abstract:  This project explores how social media posts about U.S. national parks create almost "perfect" versions of outdoor experiences and how those portrayals influence why people decide to visit and how satisfied they feel during their trip. To study this, I will conduct interviews with visitors at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. While the Smokies will serve as my main research location, the goal is to better understand larger tourism trends happening across national parks in general. This research will focus on how visitors form expectations about national parks through social media before their trip and how those expectations compare to what they actually experience once they are there. This study will focus on how social media influence people's decision to visit national parks in the first place, how social media shape what visitors expect their experience to look and feel like, how visitors compare those expectations with reality, especially when it comes to crowding and accessibility, and how expectations shaped by social media influence whether visitors think about conservation or participate in environmentally responsible behaviors during their visit. I will collect data by speaking directly with visitors at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Participants will be selected by approaching visitors in busy areas of the park, such as visitor centers, scenic overlooks, and popular trailheads. Visitors who are 19 years or older will be invited to participate in a short 10-15 minute interview about social media use, the types of national park content they saw before their trip, their expectations going into the visit, how they feel about crowding, and their attitudes toward environmental conservation. Interview responses will be analyzed to identify patterns in visitor expectations, motivations, and perceptions and to identify common themes related to social media influence, expectation building, visitor satisfaction, and environmental awareness.

Sports Teams Reaching the Female Audience Through Social Media

Presenter(s): Audrey Simons

Abstract:  As social media continues to shape sports communication, professional teams must adapt their strategies to engage diverse audiences. Traditionally, sports media has focused on male fans, often overlooking or stereotyping female audiences. However, women are active sports consumers who frequently engage with teams through platforms like Instagram and TikTok. This study examined how sports organizations use social media to connect with female fans and whether these efforts reflect an understanding of their preferences. Guided by parasocial identity theory and social identity theory, this research explores how emotional connection, storytelling, and community influence female fan engagement. Using qualitative focus groups of female undergraduate students ages 19-25, the study analyzes how women interact with sports content and what types they find most engaging. Findings show that authenticity and relatability are key factors in engaging female fans. Content that highlights personal stories, team culture, and genuine connections increases engagement and loyalty. In contrast, content that reinforces stereotypes-such as emphasizing player attractiveness can alienate audiences. Participants emphasized that women value sports for competition, strategy, and team identity. This study highlights the need for more inclusive and intentional social media strategies. By understanding female fan preferences, sports organizations can create more meaningful content, strengthen engagement, and expand their audience in an evolving digital landscape.

The Perception of Healthy Food from Advertising and Branding

Presenter(s): Abbey Duke

Abstract:  The evolving modern health food movement is not simply a nutritional trend, but an ever-increasing lifestyle shaped by the media through branding, advertising and social media influence. Through the grocery aisles and on the screens of each individual, brands and influencers are pushing the "all natural", "organic" and "fresh" lifestyle. Perceptions of healthy eating are constructed not only through brand nutrient claims and health-focused retailers, but also through the influence of social media content. Because of this healthy lifestyle being pushed in the media, viewers are consuming constant information of what determines healthy food. Social media is persistently blurring the lines between nutritional facts and mediated perception. The perception of food being considered healthy is often dependent on the advertising and branding from the organization. Several different branding and advertising strategies influence the consumers view on healthy food. Health food campaigns have studied the effect of brand names, whether length of description, brand credibility, consumer wisdom and the aesthetics of each food product. This study focuses on the relationship between the perception of health food and branding and advertising. This study will also seek to understand how social media influences the health food lifestyle. This survey-based audience analysis identifies the effects of branding and advertising on consumers' perception of health food.

Airborne Threats and Mapping: Drone-Enabled Wireless Network Assessment and Penetration Testing

Presenter(s): Ethan Koch

Abstract:  As wireless networks become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, understanding their physical reach and security vulnerabilities is essential. Traditional methods for mapping wireless networks are often limited to the inside of buildings or small ground-level areas, making it difficult to assess the true footprint of a network across a large area. This research explores the use of drones to efficiently scan, map, and perform security assessments on wireless networks over a large area. By attaching specialized scanning equipment to a drone, this project collected data on network names, signal strengths, and device manufacturers at various locations. This data was processed to create visual coverage maps, illustrating the relative strength of the wireless networks in the area scanned. Software was also developed to process all the data collected and properly categorize the networks into good, fair, and poor areas. Following the successful mapping phase, the research transitioned from passive observation to active penetration testing. This phase utilized the drone as an airborne platform to conduct a range of attacks against wireless networks. Ultimately, this research highlights both the innovative capabilities of aerial network mapping and the emerging cybersecurity risks associated with drone-enabled cyberattacks.

Prompt Engineering: Human interaction within AI

Presenter(s): Tyler Battle

Abstract:  This study explores how human interaction through prompt engineering influences the quality, accuracy, and relevance of responses generated by ChatGPT. As artificial intelligence becomes more integrated into everyday life, understanding how users communicate with these systems is increasingly important. Prior work in this area highlights the technical capabilities of AI, but less attention has been given to how everyday users shape outcomes through their input. To investigate this, a group of 12 participants from the general public interacted with ChatGPT using structured, scenario-based prompts. These prompts included real-world situations such as planning a vacation and making financial decisions. Each participant engaged in at least six follow-up interactions with the AI and evaluated whether the responses aligned with their intended goals. The collected conversations were then analyzed, and trends were visualized to assess response quality and relevance. Once this data is collected, I will began to review the information collected from the 12 participants which will then be used as a starting point for ongoing research later down the line. Since the number of participants are low, I won't be able to come to a complete conclusion but this will be a starting point to show if the approach is a useful method and helps lead to the main idea of this project which is to see how humans influence artificial intelligence. Each participant will demonstrate how prompt quality directly impacts outcomes. This can then provide practical insight for everyday users and researchers alike, showing that improving prompt-writing skills can enhance accuracy, reduce misleading responses, and improve the overall experience of using AI systems.

Automating AI Workflows to Report Cryptocurrency Scams

Presenter(s): Ainslee Johnson

Abstract:  Cryptocurrency (crypto) scams and financial fraud cost innocent Americans more than three hundred million dollars in 2025. Intelligence for Good, a local non-profit, fights crypto scam websites by training volunteers to identify domains and collect crypto wallet information for authorities. When done manually, this process can be lengthy and time-consuming as volunteers must search for possible scams, create false identities, collect wallets, and submit site information. Agentic AI systems are a new wave of intuitive artificial intelligence and are capable of independently completing processes and carrying out steps to overcome challenges. N8n, a tool that creates automated workflows, can be configured with Ollama's Llama3, a large language model (LLM), to create AI agents. Together, these tools can be set to dynamically adapt and complete a given set of goals. This research aims to bridge the abilities of these tools with the mission of Intelligence for Good. It explores several techniques to answer the question, "How can agentic AI be used to automate workflows in the process of gathering crypto scam websites?" To ensure safety throughout the process of visiting scam sites and instructing an LLM to interact with them, a virtualized lab environment is utilized with a self-hosted n8n and AI starter kit. The expected outcome is that an AI agent, when given a data set of potential scam sites, will be able to complete a clearly defined set of tasks necessary to report sites more efficiently and effectively than the manual work of an individual.

Aim Assistance System for Performance Feedback in Video Games

Presenter(s): Patrick Gowin

Abstract:  Improving aiming performance in video games is a critical yet challenging task, particularly for novice players who lack access to structured feedback and targeted training strategies. Traditional practice methods rely heavily on repetition without providing actionable insights into player weaknesses or areas for improvement. This project presents the design and development of an aim assistance system that leverages large language models (LLMs) to analyze gameplay video and generate personalized feedback. The system accepts video input captured during gameplay and processes visual and contextual information related to player performance, including aiming accuracy, target tracking, and reaction timing. These inputs are analyzed to identify patterns of inefficiency and common errors. The LLM component interprets these observations and produces structured recommendations, such as specific aim-training drills or areas of focus for skill development. System performance will be evaluated using a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures, including improvements in in-game accuracy metrics, reaction times, and user-reported effectiveness of feedback. Comparative analysis will be conducted between players using the system and those relying on traditional practice methods. The expected outcome of this tool is to accelerate player skill development by providing targeted, data-driven guidance. By transforming raw gameplay data into actionable insights, the system aims to enhance training efficiency and improve overall aiming performance in both novice and intermediate players.

Hotel Guest Amenity Interaction Rates & Incentives

Presenter(s): Mathews Tomat

Abstract:  This project explores a central research question: which locations within a hotel environment do guests interact with most when guided by an interactive mobile application, and which incentives best motivate that engagement? The purpose is to understand how digital interaction can influence movement and behavior within a physical space. The hospitality industry has increasingly adopted mobile applications to improve guest experience, though many focus primarily on convenience rather than engagement. At the same time, research in user experience suggests that gamified systems and reward based interactions can influence how individuals explore environments. This project applies these ideas to a hotel setting, where guest movement patterns are not often directly measured. To address this question, a React Native mobile application was developed that allows users to scan QR code stations placed throughout a hotel property. Each scan reveals a short message tied to the location and contributes to a scavenger hunt style reward system. Ten participants will use the app during a controlled test period. The application will record scan frequency and location data, while participants will complete a survey identifying which rewards they found most appealing. The expected results include clear trends in which areas receive the most interaction, with central or visually appealing locations likely attracting more engagement. It is also expected that practical incentives such as food or extended stay benefits will be preferred over less tangible rewards. This research is important because it provides insight into how digital tools can shape real world behavior. The findings may help hospitality providers design more engaging environments and improve how amenities are experienced. This project contributes by combining mobile technology, spatial interaction, and behavioral analysis into a single study, offering a practical approach to enhancing guest experience.

AI Detection Email

Presenter(s): Maurice Davis

Abstract:  In recent years, nearly every part of our lives has been increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence. Tasks we were once assured would remain exclusively human have been astronomically affected by the growing capabilities and accessibility of AI systems. This raises an important thought: how able are individuals of detecting AI-generated content in areas normally assumed intrinsically to have human origin? Although AI-detection tools exist, they have not been integrated into many of the platforms where AI is now commonly used. Gmail is a prime example. Messages believed are written personally, such as replies from students, colleagues, or coworkers, and friends may in fact be generated or assisted by AI, and most people would not be able to distinguish the difference by eye alone. This research is to investigate the awareness of AI-generated content within email communication and to develop a detection tool capable of identifying when AI has been used. This study seeks to better understand how often emails assumed to be human-written are actually birthed or influenced by artificial intelligence.

Policy Awareness

Presenter(s): Nathan Frederick

Abstract:  This study examines undergraduate students' understanding of institutional policies governing the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in classroom settings. Recent research indicates that while a majority of college students regularly use generative AI tools to support their learning, many report uncertainty about what constitutes acceptable use and express a strong need for clearer institutional guidance (Inside Higher Ed & College Pulse, 2025; WGU Labs, 2026). At the same time, faculty report widespread concerns regarding academic integrity and inconsistent policy frameworks, highlighting a growing disconnect between student practices and institutional expectations (American Association of Colleges & Universities & Elon University, 2026). Systematic reviews further emphasize that existing AI policies in higher education are often unclear, inconsistently applied, and insufficient to guide ethical student use (Bittle and El-Gayar, 2025). Despite this emerging body of work, relatively little research has examined how students interpret institutional AI policies in practice or how targeted instructional interventions may influence that understanding. To address this gap, this study investigates the following research question: How do undergraduate students understand and apply institutional AI policies, and how does targeted instruction affect that understanding? Participants (n=20) were recruited from undergraduate courses across multiple disciplines at Samford University through voluntary participation. The study employs a pre/post survey design paired with a brief instructional intervention. The survey assesses students' baseline knowledge of institutional AI policies, their ability to distinguish acceptable and unacceptable uses of AI, and their perceptions of academic integrity. Following an instructional video designed to clarify institutional expectations, participants complete a post-survey measuring changes in both conceptual understanding and applied decision-making. Survey items include multiple-choice knowledge checks and scenario-based evaluations of AI use in authentic academic contexts. We anticipate that results will reveal substantial variability in students’ initial interpretations of AI policies, consistent with prior research findings of widespread AI use coupled with limited formal guidance. We further expect that targeted instructional materials will significantly improve both students' understanding of institutional expectations and their ability to apply those expectations in practice.

Bill Reminder App

Presenter(s): Randall Betts

Abstract:  Project Question: how can a bill reminder application be designed to prioritize user privacy while still helping people stay organized with their bills? Many existing financial apps rely on automatic bank connections or third-party integrations, which can expose sensitive personal and financial data. This project responds to growing concerns about data breaches and digital privacy by proposing an alternative approach centered on manual data entry. In today's world of personal finance apps, more people are looking for tools that are both easy to use and safe. While automated features can save time, they usually require users to share sensitive information. This project explores whether a privacy-focused approach can still meet users' needs without asking for that level of access. To explore this idea, a bill reminder app was created that lets users enter their billing information manually. The app only asks for basic, non-sensitive details, like the last four digits of a card and the name on it. It can track different types of expenses, including subscriptions, one-time purchases, and regular bills like utilities and insurance. The overall design focuses on keeping things simple, clear, and fully in the user's control. Early development shows that a manual-entry system can still provide reliable reminders and help users stay organized without exposing sensitive data. The app is able to track different billing cycles and assist users in managing upcoming payments. This project is important because it offers a safer option for people who are uncomfortable sharing their financial information with third-party services. It suggests that privacy-focused design can still be effective in financial technology. Overall, this work demonstrates a practical approach to building secure, user-controlled tools for managing personal finances.

Benchmarking Test Automation Frameworks: Playwright vs. Selenium

Presenter(s): Kennedy Thomas

Abstract:  As test automation becomes increasingly essential to contemporary software development, selecting the most appropriate framework for a given project becomes ever more important to the overall success of quality assurance. Such tools substantially impact test reliability, execution speed, and ease of maintenance. The primary focus of this study is on Playwright, a recently developed, robust tool for software testing designed to address the challenges of contemporary software applications, and on Selenium, a well-known, established framework. Furthermore, this research assesses these two popular software testing frameworks by conducting a series of standardized tests under comparable conditions and underscoring the aforementioned parameters. Furthermore, this research emulates common user interactions such as form submission, navigation, and asynchronous content processing. The findings of this investigation are primarily related to test flakiness and runtime, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each framework. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to existing research on how new testing tools, such as Playwright, are compared and assessed against well-known and popular software frameworks, such as Selenium.

Trackman Data Visualization

Presenter(s): Noah Berry

Abstract:  Baseball is a very analytical game that requires players, especially pitchers, to reflect on their metrical data to see what they need to improve on. In today's game most everyone has access to pitch data, but they don't have a good way to visualize that data. All NCAA Division I teams collect this data via a system called Trackman. The collected data is accessible to pitchers, coaches, and data analysis, but till now there has now been a good way to realistically display this data that would allow pitchers and coaches to understand a pitchers pitches and make meaningful adjustments. This project has been working to build the Baseball Pitch Simulator and it aims to fix this problem by allowing players coaches to look at all their pitches on a 3d field showing where the pitch is released, a trail following the ball as it approaches home plate and then where the pitch was at when it crossed the front of home plate. It gives pitchers a reliable way to view their pitch data while also giving them the option to adjust a pitch and see what would change before throwing a pitch on the mound. The simulator has now been built for testing purposes and few of Samford's pitchers have had a chance to work with it and the feedback has mostly been positive. Some have responded by saying the simulator helped them find things they could do better such as setting up pitches. One participant said, "It's nice being able to see the release window with each of my pitches. I just found out I raise my arm slot on changeups." This is a very promising initial review for the software. Moving forward I would like to distribute the software to a bigger scale of players and get a larger scale of data. This would help us to better understand how useful a 3d visualization of a pitch really is.

BPMove: A Real-Time Adaptive Music Selection System for Heart Rate Zone Adherence in Runners

Presenter(s): Grant King

Abstract:  Research has established that music tempo influences exercise intensity and perceived effort, yet existing applications offer no real-time physiological awareness; music selection remains static regardless of a runner's current heart rate. This paper presents BPMove, a mobile application that listens to a runner's real-time heart rate via a Bluetooth Low Energy armband and selects music designed to steady their heart rate within a target training zone. The system employs a three-mode state machine with RAISE, MAINTAIN, and LOWER, using hysteresis and dwell-time filtering to prevent erratic mode switching, and logs each session as a time-series including heart rate, algorithm mode, song BPM, and mode transition events. Zone adherence is measured as the percentage of total run time spent within the target heart rate zone. A small study with 2-5 participants is underway, in which each participant completes runs under both static playlist and adaptive playlist conditions. Results comparing zone adherence across conditions will be presented on the poster. We hypothesize that adaptive music selection will produce a meaningful improvement in zone adherence, suggesting that real-time physiological feedback can actively guide the running experience.

Finding YOLO CV accuracy With Different Cameras

Presenter(s): Isaac Hennessey

Abstract:  As object detection models like YOLO serve as lightweight, easily configurable object detection models, finding how accurate the information it produces becomes increasingly important. The purpose of this project is to find the accuracy of YOLO's algorithm using devices like the raspberry pi 5 to detect how many and which parking lots are available in a given parking lot. This research fits into a larger scholarly context of computer vision by addressing concerns about the accuracy of YOLO depending on different perspectives and camera resolution differences. Methods: Using a raspberry Pi connected to a fixed camera at a fixed zoom, an image is first taken, and cropped at various sizes to isolate the desired number of cars. The frame is run through a python script which contains the YOLO algorithm, overlaying the image with a grid, where bounding boxes are drawn over objects with high enough confidence scores. After manually finding how many spots are really vacant, the results of the program provide an estimate of how accurate YOLO really is. FINDINGS: The results of the experiment will show graphs displaying object detection accuracy at different resolution cameras for the same perspective images in day and night time. This work makes an evaluative contribution to the field of computer vision by analyzing the accuracy of YOLOv8m's model and helps identify what limitations the coco dataset might have in identifying vehicles from different perspectives.

Comparison of balance performance of female dancers versus non-dancers

Presenter(s): Hannah Hodgin

Abstract:  Dance requires a high level of balance to effectively perform its movements, making it essential for both performance and injury prevention; however, limited research has examined how dance training influences balance across different testing conditions. This study aims to compare balance performance between female dancers and non-dancers using clinically validated and dancer-specific assessments. A total of 30 female college-aged participants will be recruited, including 15 dancers with active formal training and 15 physically active non-dancers. Using a cross-sectional, counterbalanced design, participants will attend three 30-minute sessions consisting of a familiarization visit and two testing visits. Balance will be assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), which evaluates postural stability across six conditions (double-leg, single-leg, and tandem stances on firm and foam surfaces); the Y-Balance Test, which measures dynamic balance through reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while standing on one limb; a dance-specific Y-Balance Test performed with 45 degrees of turnout to replicate functional dance positioning and assess balance under externally rotated lower-extremity demands; and a modified vestibular spinning test, in which participants complete 10 rotations followed by a 20-second single-leg balance task with eyes closed to challenge vestibular recovery and postural control. Primary outcome measures will include BESS error scores, sway index, normalized reach distances, composite Y-Balance scores, and spinning test sway index and total errors. Data will be analyzed using statistical software to compare group differences. It is expected that dancers will demonstrate superior balance performance, particularly in dance-specific conditions, and findings may improve balance assessment methods and provide insight into the effects of dance training on postural control.

Data-Driven Insights into Rural Hospital Sustainability in Alabama

Presenter(s): Presenter- Jack Ivey, Co Presenter- Brenda Perry

Abstract:  Rural hospital closures have become a growing concern across the United States, particularly in states such as Alabama, where healthcare access disparities are already significant. This project seeks to identify indicators that have contributed to the closure of short-term acute care hospitals in rural Alabama over the past fifteen years. Specifically, the study examines which operational, financial, and community-level indicators were most predictive of hospital closures during this period. This research is grounded in broader scholarly discussions related to the national rural hospital crisis, health economics, payment policy, health equity, and population health, all of which are critical areas of focus within data analytics. To address the research question, this study analyzes historical data from rural short-term acute care hospitals that have closed within the last fifteen years. Data are being collected from publicly available healthcare databases and published industry reports to identify patterns and trends associated with hospital closures. Data collection and analysis are currently in progress. This research is important because rural hospital closures significantly affect healthcare access, local economies, and overall community health outcomes. Increasing financial pressures, the long-term economic effects of the 2008 recession, and structural shifts in healthcare delivery models have raised concerns about the sustainability of rural healthcare facilities. By examining closure trends at the state level rather than relying solely on national averages, this study aims to provide more targeted insights into the challenges faced by rural Alabama hospitals. The findings are expected to contribute to improved data-informed decision-making and policy development by identifying key factors related to healthcare processes, population needs, and financial sustainability.

De Tocqueville and Democracy: The Social Capital and Institutions that Help America Prosper

Presenter(s): Leah Watson

Abstract:  French political philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville suggests an early theory of social capital in his 1835 book, Democracy in America. Defined as societal norms and networks such as trust, voluntary trade, and civic participation, social capital is arguably part of the basis of an economically prosperous society. The economic history questions follow: how did the characteristics of American social capital, outlined by Tocqueville, contribute to the country's institutions that ultimately led to its long-term economic success? Does modern America still possess these factors in a way that continues to lead to growth? While Tocqueville qualitatively observed social capital and institutions in America, in the present day, these can be quantitatively measured to see directly how they contribute to GDP, while still fitting in qualitative theory. Measurements of social capital, such as the integrity of the legal system, protection of property rights, and the legal enforcement of contracts, can be found at the Fraser Institute's Economic Freedom Rankings and compared throughout time. One prominent aspect that Tocqueville documents is the entrepreneurial culture that arose from these economic freedoms found in early America. Today's data can be graphed to determine any effects of Tocqueville's associations in communities throughout the states. By adding social capital as a productivity multiplier to the Solow Growth Model, social capital and institutions may function as public goods with spillovers. The social capital that Tocqueville recognized implies a strong historical relationship between America's early institutions and its modern economic success. The data will likely suggest a corrosion in these values and culture over time, but still strong enough to support today's substantial economy.

The Impact of the Community Reinvestment Act in the State of Alabama

Presenter(s): Aidan Reyes

Abstract:  This project seeks to explore the relationship between business lending, specifically 504 loans, to economic growth within the context of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), between the years 2015 and 2023, for the state of Alabama. While the majority of the literature on the CRA has focused on its effect on homeownership, the relationship between the CRA, small-business lending, and local job creation is less developed. This study aims to examine how CRA-related small-business lending has influenced business formation and employment growth in Alabama over the last decade. This project utilized data from the US Census, the Small Business Administration, the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Federal Reserve. We explored this relationship utilizing a fixed effects regression model imported through the Statsmodels API that takes time and specific counties into account. Further, this model controls the percentage of unemployment, the number of bank branches per capita, and the percentage of people with a high school diploma or higher. This model found that the CRA distinction over these counties did not contribute to the number of jobs created in the state of Alabama. These findings are reinforced by the literature that Banks have historically pushed, which stated that the CRA doesn't allow them to meaningfully contribute to the small businesses they serve and are limited by other capital requirements from making too many sub-prime business loans in large volumes.

Entrepreneurship, Institutional Barriers, and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and South Africa

Presenter(s): Anna Lynn Harms

Abstract:  Research Question: How do institutional barriers influence entrepreneurial rates and economic outcomes, specifically in the United States and South Africa? Entrepreneurs consistently face challenges as they start their own business. Entrepreneurs face burdensome hurdles entrepreneurs have to jump through just to start. Inequality, regulatory legal demands, and a lack of access to capital are some of the biggest barriers to entrepreneurship. Nations that have fewer barriers to entrepreneurship are greatly associated with higher investment activity and higher GDP per capita. The comparison of the United States and South Africa's limitations to entrepreneurship highlight how increased barriers lead to less economic growth. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, winners of the 2024 Nobel Prize for their economic research, argues that restrictive institutional orders create gaps and limitation to the market thus making it inefficient. With oppressive processes in place lead to a lack of innovation, entrepreneurship, and educated citizens enriching the city. This framework aligns with correlation of high economic freedom rates and the Total Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). TEA measures percentage of a population that is starting or running a new business. High TEA rates reflect an environment where there are incentives to save and invest and market opportunities available where low TEA rates are common among countries that have low economic freedom rates. This relationship is further illustrated in the Solow Growth model so see in the lined up with an increase in output. k=(?s(1+TEA)/d)?^2 The implications illustrate open access order nations led to better institutions that allow more opportunities for entrepreneurship that help generate higher productivity levels and GDP per capita while limited access order nations have high barriers to entrepreneurship that prevent businesses from thriving which decreases economic growth.

Should All Schools Be the Same?: An Examination of Types of Schools

Presenter(s): Lucy Childs, Marianna Blose

Abstract:  The conversation about education and schooling is as heated and present as ever. The purpose of this project was to conduct a literature review to determine the types of schools found in the United States and to answer a question commonly asked about education: Should all schools be the same? The researchers gathered scholarly sources including course texts to analyze and investigate the research around the topic of the types and purposes of schools. Following a systematic review of the related literature, the answer to the question was no, schools should not all be the same. The literature suggests that not every child learns the same way and has different needs in regard to his education. Further, schools are highly influenced by their surrounding community and made to serve their families. The findings show not only purposes of different types of schools, but also why each of them is essential to the education system. This research is important to the field of education for a number of reasons. First, parents and guardians need to be aware of their options when choosing a school to send their children to. Second, every child deserves an education that fits individual needs. Finally, clarity on topics such as the purpose of schools affects policy decisions at local, state, and federal levels.

Examining the Validity of the Statement: "Many teachers leave the classroom after three years."

Presenter(s): Anna-Kate Holton, Lily Kate Nicholson

Abstract:  The field of education is ripe with statements that many people take as facts. The purpose of this project was to conduct a literature review to examine a common statement about teacher retention: many teachers leave the classroom after three years. The researchers gathered scholarly sources including course texts to analyze and investigate the research around the topic of teachers leaving the classroom. Following a systematic review of the related literature, the answer to the question was yes, but with stipulations. The literature suggests that while there is a percentage of teachers who leave the traditional classroom due to loss of love for the profession or frustration with the work environment, there are copious amounts of other reasons as to why. These causes range from teachers seeking to further their education in specialty areas such as special education or English as a second language, serving as educators in non-profits, museum, or other non-traditional education settings, or even raising families. Further, the statement also does not consider the statistics on the number of teachers that return to the classroom after an absence. This research is important to the field of education as clarity on topics such as teacher retention affects classroom practices and policy decisions at local, state, and federal levels. Additionally, and perhaps most important to the researchers, this examination provides encouragement for those going into the field of education by shining a light on the nuances in this commonly believed statement.

Is Kindergarten the New First Grade? A Review of Literature

Presenter(s): Gracie Hopkins, Lauren Parker

Abstract:  The field of education is ripe with statements that many people take as facts. The purpose of this project was to conduct a literature review to answer a question commonly asked about education: "Is kindergarten the new first grade? The researchers gathered scholarly sources including course texts to analyze and investigate the research around the topic of school curriculum. Following a systematic review of the related literature, the answer to the question was yes. The literature suggests that over time there has been an increased focus on school accountability, school performance indicators, duration of school year, and expectations of families, resulting in kindergarten becoming the new first grade. Further, there has been a notable decrease in play experiences in kindergarten classrooms even though play is critical to early childhood development. This research is important to the field of education as clarity on topics such as grade level expectations affects classroom practice and policy decisions at local, state, and federal levels.

Integrated Developmental Intervention Methods for a Pre-K Student with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Presenter(s): Ann Catherine Stephens

Abstract:  The Integrated Developmental Intervention project surrounds a specific student displaying developmental and behavioral needs within a pre-k classroom environment. The project included initial observations to determine specific behaviors that address a functional need of a student, followed by comprehensive research and implementation of interventions to address the developmental need present in the classroom environment. The purpose of the project was to determine appropriate methods of interventions for a student with autism spectrum disorder. The project seeks to identify and implement evidence-based strategies to responsively meet the needs of students with advanced needs, further contributing to the wider field of educational research. The student involved in the research was a five-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder who demonstrated behavioral needs during a supervised nap period in the school day. During the nap period, the student would run from the cot and vocally express discomfort, fulfilling the functional need of connection and avoidance of sleeping. The interventions found to be effective in supporting the child included appropriately challenged puzzles, access to crayons and drawing materials, and redirections with verbal, physical, and visual inputs. The results of the project showed some decrease in the frequency of behaviors, with further research needed in appropriate communication methods for students who have limited verbal vocabulary and sensory needs. The results of the intervention process reveal how important responsive teaching is with students who have multiple developmental and behavioral needs. The evidence-based strategies uncovered networks of expression for students who have autism spectrum disorder, and reflect the emphasis of data-informed intervention methods addressing specific developmental progression.

The Effectiveness of Behavioral Intervention Strategies to Improve Academic Performance for Students with Special Needs

Presenter(s): Kinley Hall

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to implement strategies collected from research with a student in a special education classroom, measure the effectiveness of each strategy, and collect information about other variables that affect the implementation and strategies themselves. This study specifically focused on improving a student's exhibited negative behaviors to improve their academic performance. This study is important to the field of special education because of the benefit from the data received from implementing these strategies. The information gathered gives people who will implement these strategies across multiple disciplines insight into the effectiveness, implications, and the resources needed to implement these strategies, and other strategies to boost student behavior and performance. To gather data on the strategies and student, I conducted a literature review regarding best practices of strategies for students with disabilities to support positive behavior and academic performance. In addition to the literature review, I collected observational data on the student prior to the implementation, during the implementation, and after the implementation. Although the research is limited to data on one student, the data gathered from this research study gains insight into the process of implementing said strategies, the implications, and the benefits that can be applied for a broader group of students and implementers across educational domains.

Effects of External/ Peer Influence on Exercise Adherence.

Presenter(s): Adam Boggs

Abstract:  There is a substantial amount of research on exercise adherence based on external/ peer influence in individuals. College-aged individuals are in a unique situation since they have a greater chance to interact and mingle with their peers, causing a greater overall influence on each student. This has a heavier effect compared to populations outside of college. Exercise adherence leads to long term health benefits including social factors like increased confidence and improved temperament. The purpose of this project is to expand on previous research and investigate the relationship between peer related influences and exercise adherence. There will be a modified survey using the Self Efficacy for Exercise scale (SEE)and the Physical Activity and Social Support Scale (PASSS). Participants will be recruited via word of mouth, email, and text message. After data collection, results will be used for analysis. Each result will be scored into a variable then compared using SPSS on one of the university computers with a faculty member. The surveys will investigate the relationship between peer-related impacts on exercise and exercise adherence. This is important for variables like performance and social capacity. Data collection is in progress. There is a substantial amount of research on exercise adherence based on external/ peer influence in individuals. However, the college aged population is in a distinctive scene, where peer influence and external factors can influence exercise habits. This study would expand on previous research on the effects of external factors and peer influence on college aged individuals, exploring both beneficial and maladaptive reason.

Association between sprint speed, agility, and countermovement jump in female youth athletes

Presenter(s): Sarah Waggoner, Lynette Garcia-Arteaga, Elena Marconi

Abstract:  Sports performance is often dependent on the ability to sprint, change direction, and jump. Each of these qualities is determined by the ability to move an athlete's body mass in space. Athlete testing can help to identify whether an athlete is force dominant or velocity dominant, which allows coaches and practitioners to individualize training programs required to optimize performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between 10-meter sprint, t-test agility, and countermovement jump performance in youth athletes. Youth athletes ages 11-18 are being recruited to participate in a battery of fitness tests related to athletic performance. Participants completed a 10-meter sprint assessment to evaluate linear sprint speed and a t-test agility to assess change of direction. A countermovement jump (CMJ) test using force plates was used to examine peak propulsive force (N), relative peak propulsive force (N/kg) and time to takeoff (s). Data collection is ongoing, and correlations between each of the variables will be calculated. We hypothesize that time to takeoff will be more strongly related to sprint and t-test times than other CMJ metrics, indicating that the ability to produce force quickly matters more than overall force production. The practical implications from these findings could indicate that strength without speed is ineffective in a youth sport context.

The Evolution of Women's Representation in Action Films from Before the Me Too Movement to 2023

Presenter(s): Shelby Bauerkemper

Abstract:  This paper analyzes the evolution of women's representation in top-grossing action films from 2005 to 2023, focusing on shifts following the start and peak of the Me Too movement. Using Framing Theory, a qualitative review of ten films identified three main themes: negative representation, positive representation, hyper-idealized empowerment. Findings revealed that the transition from the hyper-sexualization of women to more empowering representation in action films began around 2009, though it was noted that recent portrayals tend to overcorrect by framing women as superior to men. While these changes mark progress, traditional stereotypes and gender imbalances remain, raising questions about whether current trends promote genuine gender equity. By identifying the trend of hyper-idealized female empowerment present after the Me Too movement, this study contributes a nuanced critique to feminist media scholarship. This study highlights the need for representation that empowers women without diminishing male characters and suggests future research should incorporate audience perspectives and cross-genre comparisons to inform more balanced gender representation.

Deforestation and the Role of Indigenous Management in Brazilian Forests

Presenter(s): Mariam Sanavi

Abstract:  Deforestation remains one of the most pressing threats to the Amazon rainforest, where governance and political context strongly influence conservation outcomes. This project examines protected areas in Brazil, including state-managed parks, Indigenous territories, conservation-use areas, and transitional zones, by analyzing land cover changes from 2017 to 2024 using Sentinel satellite imagery-derived land cover data, GIS-based change-detection techniques, and Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis. Multi-year comparisons quantify forest loss and gain across management categories, while also identifying how specific land cover types transition, revealing what forests are converted into and what land management types contribute to forest regrowth. Hotspot analysis highlights spatial clusters where deforestation (loss) and regeneration (gain) are most concentrated, while temporal comparisons across the 2017-2024 period explore potential relationships with changes in national political leadership and environmental policy. Initial findings indicate that forest loss and gain vary across governance types. Indigenous territories show low levels of overall change, reflecting stable forest conditions. Conservation-use and protected areas exhibit moderate change, while recreational parks show the highest levels of tree gain, likely reflecting active land management. Spatial patterns further reveal that forest change is unevenly distributed, with some regions experiencing concentrated loss and others greater regeneration. These results underscore the effectiveness of Indigenous-led conservation while also demonstrating how political and governance factors shape both deforestation and forest recovery. By identifying where forests are lost, where they return, and what they transition to, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of land-use dynamics and supports more targeted conservation strategies in the Amazon.

Overall Impact of Having a Sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Presenter(s): Olivia Jenkins

Abstract:  This study explored how having a sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relates to anxiety and resilience in typically developing young adults. The current study examined whether young adults with a sibling with ASD differ in anxiety and resilience compared to those without. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 46 participants between the ages of 18 and 35. Anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and resilience was measured using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Participants were categorized into three groups based on sibling status: no sibling with ASD, a sibling formally diagnosed with ASD, or a sibling suspected of having ASD. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare group differences. The results showed no significant differences in anxiety or resilience between the groups. However, overall anxiety levels in the sample were higher, and resilience levels were lower, than general population norms. A significant negative relationship between anxiety and resilience was also found, suggesting that individuals with higher resilience tend to report lower anxiety. The findings suggest that simply having a sibling with ASD does not independently determine mental health outcomes. Instead, individual experiences and family factors may play a larger role, highlighting the complexity of the sibling experience.

The association between Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull (IMTP) relative peak force and 10m sprint performance in youth athletes

Presenter(s): Callie Cook, Julianne Ross, Shiloh King

Abstract:  The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is a valid assessment of maximum force production, and the 10-meter sprint is a common field test to measure acceleration. Both tests require a high degree of lower-body force production, which may suggest that the performance of these tests could be related. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if there is an association between relative peak isometric force and 10-meter sprint performance. Male and female youth athletes ages 11-18 years of age are being recruited to participate in a battery of tests related to athletic performance. Participants complete an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force assessment using force plates and a 10-meter sprint with time to completion assessed with laser timing gates. Correlation coefficients between the IMTP relative peak force in n/kg and 10-m sprint time will be calculated. Data collection and analysis are ongoing. We hypothesize a strong and positive relationship between these two variables. Potential training implications exist in regard to enhancing relative strength in youth athletes to maximize linear sprint performance.

Does 500m row time differ between aerobic and anaerobic youth athletes?

Presenter(s): Bailey Whitefield, Riley Kirk, Brent Bradley

Abstract:  The 500m row is a short, high intensity exercise that relies on contributions of both anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. Aerobic athletes typically have greater endurance while anaerobic athletes tend to have higher power output and quick energy production. Comparing the two groups on this assessment that gives insight to capacity of both energy systems can give insight into this test's utility in evaluating various types of athletes. Youth athletes ages 11-18 are being recruited to participate in a battery of fitness-related assessments. Athletes also complete a survey detailing their sport participation history. Athletes are classified in one of three categories based upon reported sport participation: aerobic athlete (participates in distance running, soccer, etc. as primary sport), anaerobic athlete (participates in sprinting, basketball, softball/baseball, volleyball, or similar as primary sport), or combination (participates in multiple sports including at least one aerobic and one anaerobic). 500 meter row time will be compared between aerobic and anaerobic athletes, with combination athletes excluded from analysis. Data collection and analysis are ongoing. We hypothesize that anaerobic athletes will perform better on this relatively short two to three minute bout of exercise than aerobic athletes. The utility of the 500m rowing test for various types of athletes will clarified based upon our results.

The relationship between visuomotor reaction time and lower-extremity force and power production in youth athletes

Presenter(s): Natalie Snow, Samantha Feild

Abstract:  Reaction time is a critical component of athletic performance, reflecting an individual's ability to rapidly process and respond to external stimuli. In sport, this perceptual-cognitive ability is closely linked to movement execution and agility. Neuromuscular performance, particularly rapid force production, is influenced by neural activation and central processing speed, suggesting a potential relationship between reaction time and lower-body power output. While measures such as the countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) are commonly used to assess strength and explosiveness, limited research has examined their association with reaction time in youth athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between reaction time and lower body force and power production in youth athletes. Male and female youth athletes ages 11-18 are being recruited to participate in a testing battery of assessments related to athletic performance. This testing battery includes a reaction time test using the Dynavision light board, an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) assessment of force and power, and a countermovement jump (CMJ) test with force places to evaluate jump height and modified reactive strength index (mRSI), which is a measure of lower body explosiveness and neuromuscular efficiency. Correlations between reaction time, relative strength (n/kg), jump height, and mRSI will be evaluated for male and female athletes. Data collection and analysis are ongoing. We hypothesize an inverse relationship between reaction time and force and power measurements. Understanding whether reaction ability is associated with strength and power in youth athletes may provide insight into how different components of athletic performance develop and may inform more comprehensive training and assessment strategies.

Evaluation of athleticism in single vs multi-sport youth athletes

Presenter(s): Thomas Gallion, Jadyn Noh

Abstract:  Youth sport participation consists of athletes that participate in one or many different sports. Athletes who participate in multiple sports will be exposed to a variety of physical demands that may lead to more diverse athletic abilities. Currently, it is unknown whether athletes that participate in one or multiple sports have better performance in athletic feats of strength, power, and change of direction. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine whether single- or multi-sport youth athletes differ in strength, power, and change of direction. Youth athletes ages 11-18 are being recruited to participate in a testing battery of assessments designed to evaluate innate athleticism. This testing battery consists of three assessments using force plates: drop jump, countermovement jump, and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), as well as a t-test measuring change of direction using laser timing gates. Athletes additionally will self-report participation in sports in the prior year and will be classified as either single-sport (participating in only one sport in the year) or multi-sport (participating in more than one sport). Mean test results for the entire sample will be calculated and z-scores indicating deviation from the mean will be calculated for all athletes; z-scores will be added for each assessment to calculate a total athleticism score. Single vs multi-sport comparisons will then be made for both males and females. Data collection is ongoing. We hypothesize that multi-sport athletes will score higher in athleticism due to their experience of more varied training stimuli. The results from this study may be used by coaches, parents, and athletes to help influence training and make decisions regarding sports participation.

Evaluating the Drivers of NBA Player Performance and Value Through Statistical Analysis

Presenter(s): Jonathan Tims, Alessandro Onate, Katie Boarman

Abstract:  This project seeks to find which measurable factors most strongly influence player performance and value in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Modern basketball's reliance on advanced statistics to evaluate players with large datasets grows yearly, but it remains unclear which metrics best explain differences in performance across positions, ages, and career situations. A better grasp on how all of these factors correlate can improve how analysts, teams, coaches, and fans interpret player contributions to a team and predict future success. Utilizing various seasons' worth of NBA data from the 2021-2022 season through the 2024-2025 season, this study examines various statistics, injury history, injury severity, and salary to identify any possible patterns. Various statistical tools are used to identify and relationships between age, position, injury, usage rates, and performance outcomes. The analysis focuses on several key questions: how player performance evolves with age, including changes in turnovers, assists, and scoring, how injuries of varying severity affect player performance, team outcomes, and long-term value, whether specific positions consistently hold advantages in certain statistical categories, and how player availability and individual production relate to team success and financial valuation. By using, comparing, and contrasting multiple statistical models, the study aims to identify which variables best predict player performance and value to a team.

The Galois Group of a Power Compositional Decic Polynomial

Presenter(s): Aiden Benton

Abstract:  Many polynomial equations cannot be solved by a simple formula using an exact formula, such as the very common quadratic formula. Even so, their solutions still follow precise patterns of symmetry. This project studies the polynomial family f(x) = x^10 + ax^5 + b and asks: as the parameters "a" and "b" vary, what symmetry patterns can occur among its ten complex solutions? These patterns are described by a concept from abstract algebra called a Galois group, which captures how the solutions can be rearranged without changing the relationships they satisfy. Although ten solutions could, in principle, produce many symmetry behaviors, the unique structure of this polynomial restricts what can occur. To investigate this question, we combined theoretical arguments with computer experiments using the algebra systems Mathematica, GAP, and Pari/GP. Our results show that only four distinct symmetry types arise for irreducible polynomials in this family, and we determine concrete conditions on the parameters ?? and ?? that distinguish between them. This work highlights how the form of a polynomial can shape the symmetries of its solutions. This research was conducted in collaboration with C. Awtrey and F. Patane.

Modeling Amyloid-beta Behavior and Sleep-Dependent Removal

Presenter(s): Katie Boarman

Abstract:  Sleep has been shown to play a critical role in amyloid-beta clearance and Alzheimer's disease progression. We develop a mechanistic mathematical model incorporating nucleation--polymerization amyloid dynamics with piecewise circadian sleep-wake forcing. The model is nondimensionalized to reveal key parameter groups governing aggregation, clearance, and sleep-dependent regulation. We establish existence, positivity, and boundedness of solutions and derive an explicit sleep-dependent threshold condition preventing amyloid invasion. Our results highlight the importance of circadian regulation in amyloid dynamics and provide a theoretical framework linking sleep disruption to Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Implementation of a Hospital Fall Prevention Protocol

Presenter(s): Stacy W. Taylor

Abstract:  The purpose of the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to develop and implement an evidence-based fall prevention protocol to reduce falls and fall-related injuries in hospitalized patients. Falls are the most common preventable adverse event in hospitalized patients. Prevalence of hospital inpatient falls in the United States is approximately 1 million annually with 250,000 associated injuries and 11,000 deaths. Research indicates that use of numerically scored risk assessment tools with assigned interventions that may not address individual patient needs are no longer recommended. For this project, an evidence-based Stressors and Fall Risk (SaFR) Assessment and Intervention Protocol tool was developed. The target population included patients admitted to an acute care hospital. The project aimed to increase patient/family risk assessment engagement, increase awareness of patient-specific risk factors, and promote use of individualized evidence-based interventions. A knowledge and confidence survey was created and administered to nursing staff pre- and post-implementation. The survey results and fall data were analyzed following four weeks of protocol use during bedside shift reports on a pilot nursing unit. Results indicated a statistically significant increase in nurse confidence regarding physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual risk assessments. A statistically significant increase was identified in nurse confidence regarding selection of individualized, evidence-based interventions. A 74% decrease in fall rates occurred during the months of project education and implementation. Integration of an evidence-based fall risk protocol in the hospital setting improves patient safety and satisfaction by reducing injuries and shortening hospital length of stays. Improving clinical outcomes by reducing falls improves healthcare team job satisfaction, reduces healthcare costs, and contributes to a culture of organizational safety.

Music and Mental Health in College Students

Presenter(s): Evan Chadwell, Avery Franklin, Sophia Plasman, Kayla Rose, Garrett Smith

Abstract:  This project addresses the growing need for accessible, non-pharmacological interventions to improve mental health outcomes among college students. Anxiety, depression, and low motivation remain prevalent across both clinical and everyday settings, highlighting a gap in simple, cost-effective strategies that can support psychological well-being and performance. The aim of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of music as an intervention to enhance mood, reduce perceived stress, and improve quality of life. Specifically, the project sought to explore how structured music exposure influences mental health indicators and perceived exertion. Methods included a comprehensive review of interdisciplinary literature, along with insights from an expert interview with Dr. Christopher Ballmann, whose research examines the relationship between music, physical performance, and neurological conditions. Evidence was synthesized to identify common themes related to mood regulation, motivation, and the physiological response to music. Findings suggest that music is a practical and scalable tool that can positively influence mental health and performance outcomes, particularly through its effects on arousal, focus, and emotional regulation. These results support the integration of music-based interventions into clinical, rehabilitative, and wellness settings in universities. Future quality improvement efforts should examine how structured music interventions can be integrated into university wellness programs as a low-cost, accessible strategy to improve student mental health outcomes.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools in Academic Performance Among Nursing Students

Presenter(s): Rylan Whitney, Abby Galloway, Addison Wills, Avery Robbins, Hollyn Robertson, Alanna Bland

Abstract:  This quality improvement (QI) project examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) integration on undergraduate nursing education and perceived clinical readiness. As AI use rapidly expands in academic settings, nursing students rely on these tools to enhance efficiency, organization, and access to information. While there are benefits, concerns remain regarding potential over-reliance, decreased critical thinking, clinical judgment, and decision-making skills essential for safe patient care. Guided by a PICOT framework, this project explores how AI use in academic settings, compared to no AI use, influences nursing students' perceived readiness for clinical practice over the course of their education. A review of current literature highlights a dual impact: AI can improve academic performance, engagement, and confidence, yet may also contribute to decreased problem-solving and increased AI dependency if not used appropriately. The QI initiative emphasizes the need for structured AI integration within the nursing curriculum. Therefore, including faculty guidance, ethical frameworks, and intentional instructional design. By promoting responsible AI use while preserving essential clinical reasoning skills, nursing programs can better prepare students for practice in a technology-driven healthcare environment. Ultimately, this project aims to help create teaching approaches that embrace innovation while still making sure students build the core skills needed to provide safe and effective patient care.

Reflect & Reset Check-In: Cultivating Care, Connection, and Culture

Presenter(s): Tawanda Williams-Hardie, Jamali Stone

Abstract:  The purpose of the Reflect & Reset Check-In: Cultivating Care, Connection, and Culture was to implement and evaluate a structured near-the-end-of-shift intervention designed to reduce burnout, strengthen collaboration, and enhance psychological safety among nursing staff. This work responds to a growing body of evidence showing that 62% of all nurses and 69% of nurses under age 25 report high levels of burnout. The limitations of task-focused shift routines that fail to support emotional decompression. Grounded in Donabedian's Structure-Process-Outcome framework and Duffy's Quality Caring Model, the project situates reflective, relationship-centered practice within a broader scholarly context, emphasizing quality, safety, and workforce well-being. A quality improvement program evaluation design was used to implement the R&R Check-In model on a medical-surgical unit. The intervention consisted of a structured 10-minute near-end-of-shift debrief facilitated by trained influencers using standardized reflective prompts. Over the five-week pilot period, R&R sessions were conducted. Each staff member provided an emotional check-in at the beginning and end of each shift to assess their emotional state upon entering and exiting the workplace. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected using a customized Microsoft Forms and Qualtrics survey containing Likert-scale items and open-ended questions aligned with the project outcomes. The pre-implementation results have been recorded in the spreadsheet and are currently pending the post-implementation scores to finalize the findings. These results will be incorporated into the final project report.

The Effect of Nutrition Teaching Intervention on Carotenoid Levels in Exercising College Students

Presenter(s): Anna Sweitzer

Abstract:  Nutrition understanding, along with fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake, is notoriously low among college students. Skin carotenoid concentrations can be utilized as a marker of F/V intake. Carotenoids are pigments in fruits and vegetables that are relevant to the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and obesity. The pigments have also been shown to decrease muscle damage among athletes and improve sleep quality among university students. This study used a 9-week quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design to assess the effects of nutrition education on skin carotenoid levels among active university students. Students participated in either a cooking demonstration or a hands-on cooking class, along with a grocery store tour. Using the VeggieMeter, a spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement device, the students' F/V intake was measured both pre- and post-intervention. This study assessed how nutrition education influences skin carotenoid levels in student-athletes and exercising students, highlighting the connection between dietary knowledge and measurable health benefits. The results of the study indicate that the carotenoid levels of active college-aged students can be significantly increased through both nutrition education and hands-on cooking classes. These conclusions display the benefits of nutrition education for young adults, paired with the benefits of carotenoids for performance, mental and physical health, and chronic disease prevention. The model used lends an effective education model for universities that do not have a sports dietitian on staff to improve the health of students.

A Mixed Methods Study Demonstrating the Need for a Dietitian at a College University

Presenter(s): Abigail Huggins, Louisa Wright, Kayleigh Grant

Abstract:  Background: College students encounter a range of health challenges, many of which come from increased independence, elevated stress levels, limited health knowledge, and unfamiliarity with available resources. These factors may contribute to a greater risk of obesity and eating disorders (EDs). This study aimed to assess ED risk, as well as dietary and lifestyle behaviors, through a needs assessment conducted at a small private Christian university. Methods: A mixed-methods survey was administered to 308 undergraduate and graduate students. The survey incorporated validated screening tools, including the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short Form (EDE-QS) and the Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes (EDSA). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS, while qualitative responses were evaluated through thematic analysis using Microsoft Excel. Results: Findings indicated that 73% of participants reported experiencing at least moderate levels of stress. Among non-athlete respondents, 26% were identified as being at risk for an eating disorder based on EDE-QS scores. Among student-athletes, 37.5% screened at risk using the EDSA. Additionally, 47% of participants expressed interest in consulting with a dietitian, and another 33% indicated they would consider doing so if such services were accessible. Qualitative findings revealed gaps in nutrition knowledge across the student population, as well as a significant frequency of concerns related to menstrual health among female participants. Conclusion: The results highlight a significant need for nutrition interventions on college campuses, given the observed risk for eating disorders, limited nutrition literacy, and concerns related to women's health. Future research should investigate the potential impact of implementing on-campus dietitian services to address these issues and improve student health outcomes.

Literature Review Evaluating the Impact of Pharmacist-Led or Pharmacist-Directed Hypertension Management on Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Resistant, Refractory, or Uncontrolled Hypertension

Presenter(s): Katherine Grace McMinn

Abstract:  Hypertension impacts nearly half of adults in the U.S. despite being the key preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, pharmacists have shifted from being solely medication dispensers to valuable members of the healthcare team. Pharmacists are increasingly engaging in clinical services, such as medication therapy management, leading chronic disease state clinics, and even participating in collaborative practices for drug therapy management. This shift in the role of a pharmacist aligns with the 2025 ACC/AHA Guidelines' emphasis on multidisciplinary care to address patient access concerns and achieve hypertension control. This study aims to establish the value of pharmacist-led care in achieving blood pressure control by evaluating the literature demonstrating quantitative blood pressure control outcomes with pharmacist intervention. A literature review was conducted using PubMed. The search focused on identifying pharmacist-led or pharmacist-directed interventions in patients with resistant, refractory, or uncontrolled hypertension. Included studies reported blood pressure outcomes in these populations. Articles were screened and reviewed for eligibility. Eight studies met the criteria, with their publications from 2010 to 2025. Across studies, pharmacist intervention or involvement was associated with greater reductions in systolic blood pressure and improved rates of control compared with usual care. Many studies also reported sustained improvements in blood pressure management in patients with more complex conditions, such as diabetes or chronic kidney disease. These findings suggest that pharmacists are valuable in hypertension management through various intervention types, such as medication optimization, patient monitoring, and collaborative practice agreements. This review contributes to the evidence supporting expanding pharmacists' integration into care models to improve blood pressure control and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Interventions on Blood Pressure Control and Antihypertensive Medication Adherence: An Updated Systematic Review (2018-2026)

Presenter(s): Taylor Backer

Abstract:  Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a leading risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Many patients struggle to reach blood pressure goals due to challenges with medication adherence and ongoing management. Pharmacists have increasingly taken active roles in patient care by providing education, medication adjustments, and follow-up support. A 2021 systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between 1995 and early 2018 found that pharmacist-led interventions improved blood pressure control and adherence to antihypertensive medications. Since that review, additional studies have been published that may further clarify the impact of pharmacist involvement. Thus, this study aims to update the evidence on pharmacist-led interventions and their effects on blood pressure control and antihypertensive medication adherence. A systematic review was conducted using predefined search terms related to hypertension, pharmacists, medication adherence, and blood pressure control across three databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. A multi-stage screening process evaluated relevancy, publication year (February 1, 2018-February 1, 2026), English Language, and article type (original research). PRISMA reporting standards guided the review process, and study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Preliminary findings suggest pharmacist-led interventions remain associated with improved blood pressure outcomes and better medication adherence across diverse practice settings. Interventions such as medication therapy management, patient counseling, and collaboration with other healthcare providers contribute to improved hypertension management and patient outcomes. These findings reinforce the growing body of evidence supporting pharmacist involvement in chronic disease management and highlight the value of integrating pharmacists into collaborative, team-based healthcare models.

Trends and Common Promotional Violations in FDA OPDP Enforcement Letters: A Narrative Literature Review

Presenter(s): Trevor Shaw

Abstract:  Prescription drug promotion in the United States is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through the FDA Office of Prescription Drug Promotion (OPDP) to ensure that promotional materials are truthful, balanced, and not misleading. Despite established regulatory guidance, promotional violations continue to appear in enforcement actions issued to pharmaceutical manufacturers. The purpose of this study was to review and synthesize published literature examining trends and common promotional violations cited in OPDP enforcement letters and to evaluate their implications for pharmaceutical manufacturers. A narrative literature review was conducted to identify retrospective or descriptive multi-year analyses of OPDP warning letters and untitled letters related to prescription drug promotion. English, full-text searches of PubMed and Google Scholar identified three peer-reviewed studies published within the past decade examining OPDP enforcement activity between 2005 and 2019. Publicly available information from the FDA website and reference lists of relevant articles were also reviewed. Studies focusing primarily on Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) violations or other non-promotional regulatory actions were excluded. Across the included studies, the most common promotional violations involved misleading or unsubstantiated efficacy claims and the omission or minimization of risk information. Although the overall number of enforcement letters declined during the 2010s, similar categories of violations persisted. These findings highlight ongoing compliance challenges in prescription drug promotion and underscore the importance of strong FDA oversight and internal review processes within pharmaceutical manufacturers, particularly as advertising expands across digital and direct-to-consumer (DTC) platforms.

SOD activity in a fly model of Alzheimer's disease: effects of a herbal derived compound

Presenter(s): Jamiah Files

Abstract:  A key contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous antioxidant defenses. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an essential antioxidant enzyme responsible for scavenging superoxide radicals, has been shown to exhibit reduced activity in AD, contributing to increased oxidative damage. Given the multifactorial nature of AD, therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress through multi-target compounds may provide enhanced neuroprotection. beta-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (beta-PGG), a naturally derived polyphenolic compound has demonstrated strong antioxidant properties in preliminary studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of beta-PGG supplementation on total SOD activity in a Drosophila melanogaster model of AD. A Drosophila overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (hBACE1) under neuronal control (elav-GAL4) was used as AD model. Driver-alone flies served as controls. Adult flies were fed either 10 µM beta-PGG or vehicle (DMSO) for 14 days. Total SOD activity was measured in whole fly homogenates using a colorimetric assay read at 450 nm. Protein concentration was measured using Bradford assay. Data were normalized for protein concentration and analyzed using a two-way ANOVA testing the effects of genotype, supplementation and their interaction on SOD activity. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. For males, we found a significant treatment effect on SOD activity. Regardless of genotype, males supplemented with beta-PGG displayed significantly increased SOD activity (8.82±0.19 U/mL) than their non-supplemented counterparts (7.29±0.19 U/mL protein, p<0.0001). On the other hand, no significant differences in SOD activity were detected for the female cohort. Overall, these findings suggest that beta-PGG supplementation enhances antioxidant defense by increasing total SOD activity in a sex-specific manner.

Evaluating Spirulina as a Vaccine Adjuvant: Effects of Source Location on Chemical Composition and Function

Presenter(s): Tiffany Williams

Abstract:  Modern vaccines use purified components such as antigens and protein subunits, improving safety but sometimes produces weaker immune responses. Because of this, vaccine adjuvants, substances added to enhance immune response, are needed to improve effectiveness while maintaining safety. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), a blue-green cyanobacterium, shows promise as a natural immune stimulant. However, its chemical composition can vary by growth environment and source. These differences in component type and concentration can influence immune response. This study evaluates spirulina from five organic sources to compare components using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods Spirulina samples from five sources were weighed and dissolved in an ethanol/water mixture to extract components. The supernatant was collected and spray dried into powder. Extracts were separated using SPE, which divides compounds based on polarity by passing samples through a column and washing with increasingly non-polar acetonitrile solutions. Fractions were dried and re-dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline for cell testing or further analysis. Spray-dried extracts were analyzed using HPLC at 1 mg/mL on a Luna C18 column with detection at 275 nm. Extracts were also compared to a linoleic acid standard with detection at 203 and 275 nm. Results HPLC analysis showed differences among sources in peak number and area. SPE separated extracts into four fractions with varying immune activation. The loading fraction produced the strongest response. Toxicity also varied by source. Preliminary data suggest the presence of linoleic acid, a fatty acid that may contribute to immune activity. Conclusion Spirulina source affects bioactive composition, immune stimulation, and toxicity. Future work will refine component identification to determine which compounds drive immune effects and support development of spirulina-based vaccine adjuvants.

Solubility enhancement and its effect on biological activity in Turmeric extract

Presenter(s): Kodee Phillips

Abstract:  Turmeric use is on the rise in the US due to growing interest in natural products. Curcumin, a compound derived from turmeric, has been shown to act as an antioxidant, reducing oxidative stress. The purpose of this project was to establish a method for detection of biologic activity of curcumin extract. Methods: Superoxide Dismutase activity was measured by colorimetric detection in a 96-well plate at 460nm. Curcumin was first solubilized in either ethanol or a cyclodextrin mixture at 25 and 52C. The first set of experiments examined the activity of curcumin solubilized in ethanol at a concentration range of 1uM to 200uM. Identical experiments were conducted in curcumin extract solubilized in a cyclodextrin mixture at both 25 and 52C. These samples were tested at a concentration range of 25uM to 200uM. Results from both ethanol (p=0.0431) and cyclodextrin (p=0.0491, 25C; p=0.0119, 52C) revealed a significant linear increase. The samples solubilized at 52 C exhibited a significant difference in SOD activity between the 25 µM and 200 µM samples (p=0.0493) and the 50 µM and 200 µM samples (p=0.0336). Once the method for detecting SOD activity in vitro was established, experiments were conducted to test antioxidant activity in vivo. SOD activity was first measured in untreated salmon liver (10ug). Samples were then treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a known agent that decreases SOD activity, at 0.5 and 1 µM for 1 minute, and activity was measured. Finally, curcumin (150 µM) was added to the treated samples. Curcumin addition resulted in a 16% recovery of SOD activity in the samples treated with 1uM H2O2 and a 6% recovery in the samples treated with 0.5uM H2O2. Future studies will compare SOD activity in different strains of turmeric to fully explore the potential benefits in the management of inflammatory conditions and metabolic syndromes.

1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (beta -PGG) Modulates Immune Inflammatory Response in LPS Stimulated Dendritic Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.

Presenter(s): Olivia Backan

Abstract:  Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative condition. Underlying processes of AD include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the deposition of amyloid- beta and tau proteins. Past studies suggest lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a proinflammatory endotoxin, found in gram-negative bacteria may contribute to AD pathology by triggering systemic inflammatory responses and entering systemic circulation. This leads to incessant inflammation contributing to neuroinflammation, a major contributor in the progression of AD. beta -PGG is a plant derived phenolic compound found in medicinal plants. beta -PGG has been studied for its therapeutic potential in various pathologies including inflammation. Characteristics of it include antioxidative effects, inhibition of amyloid- beta and tau deposition, and pro-inflammatory mediator suppression. beta -PGG can potentially be used therapeutically to mitigate LPS related neuroinflammation in AD patients by reducing inflammatory response. This study investigated the immunomodulatory potential of beta-PGG in mitigating LPS-induced inflammation in murine dendritic cell lines (DC3.2) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) focusing on its ability to suppress the production of cytokines, TNF-a and IL-1beta. Cells were pre-treated with 5 µM or 10 µM beta-PGG for 24 hours before stimulation with LPS, then cytokine levels were measured via ELISA Assay at 24, 48, and 72 hour intervals. We found that 10 µM beta-PGG significantly reduced both TNF-a and IL-1beta secretion in DCs after 48 hours and 5 µM beta-PGG did not mitigate a response indicating it's concentration-dependent. In PBMCs, 5 µM beta-PGG significantly lowered TNF-a up to 48 hours and IL-1beta at 72 hours, while 10 µM beta-PGG suppressed TNF-a at all time points and IL-1beta up to 48 hours (p < 0.003). These findings suggest that beta-PGG effectively modulates immune response in both DCs and PBMCs contributing to its therapeutic potential for mitigating neuroinflammation associated with AD.

Evaluating the Role of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee Formulary Decisions: A Systematic Review

Presenter(s): Riley Atkinson

Abstract:  Background: Effective formulary management is essential in the context of finite healthcare resources, where assessing the value of competing medications is complex. Consequently, new frameworks for assessing medication value are being explored. Among these, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) has gained attention as a structured approach to enhance formulary decision-making. Objective: To review and synthesize the published literature on the application of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in formulary decision-making by pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committees. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were searched to identify original English-language studies published between 2010 and 2025 that applied MCDA to support formulary decision-making within P&T committees. Results: Of 443 records identified, 96 articles underwent full-text review, and 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies represented healthcare decision-making environments across seven countries worldwide. Across the studies, P&T committees applied MCDA to balance clinical criteria, such as therapeutic efficacy and safety, with pharmacoeconomic considerations, including cost-effectiveness and overall cost. Additional criteria included manufacturing quality, drug supply reliability, and equivalence to the reference product. The linear additive model was the most common MCDA framework, while rating scales and the analytic hierarchy process were primarily used for scoring and weighting. MCDA effectively fostered collaboration among stakeholders involved in formulary decisions. Conclusion: Although limited by the small number of published studies, this review suggests that MCDA offers a structured and transparent approach to formulary decision-making by integrating multiple clinical, economic, and contextual criteria into the evaluation process.

Comparing Adult COVID 19 Vaccination in Pharmacies and Physician Offices in the United States Over Three Seasons (2023-2026)

Presenter(s): Raven Chaney

Abstract: Cell phones have become one of the most common sources of distraction in modern learning environments such as classrooms, libraries, and lectures. The present study examined how varying levels of cell phone exposure influence attention and memory during reading. Participants completed two ACT-style reading passages and then answered 18 multiple-choice comprehension questions under one of four conditions: a No Phone group, a Focus (Do Not Disturb) group, a Phone Up group, or a Notifications group. The data revealed a significant effect of condition on comprehension performance, with the Phone Up condition producing significantly lower scores than the No Phone condition in both passages. These findings suggest that even the passive presence of a phone when learning and studying, particularly when placed face up on a desk, may impair attention and memory during academic tasks. Reducing visible phone exposure in classroom or study settings may therefore support improved learning outcomes.

In Vitro Assessment of Compounded Topical Ibuprofen

Presenter(s): Gabriela Andrea Roman Rivera

Abstract:  This study evaluates the potential of using ibuprofen as a topical pain reliever. The main goal is to determine whether ibuprofen can penetrate the skin sufficiently to provide localized relief, thereby offering an alternative to oral intake. In pharmacy practice, efforts continue to improve medication delivery to enhance safety and patient outcomes. While oral ibuprofen is effective and easily available, it can cause systemic side effects like gastrointestinal irritation and organ toxicity. A topical form could deliver targeted pain relief directly at the injury site while reducing systemic exposure, making it suitable for patients who cannot tolerate oral medications. To explore this, ibuprofen topical formulations were prepared from two sources: the active pharmaceutical ingredient and commercially available tablets. These were mixed into two bases, a pluronic lecithin organogel and a lipoderm base, and tested using Franz diffusion cells, an in vitro model that mimics skin permeation. Samples taken at various times were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to accurately measure drug concentration. Preliminary findings suggest that ibuprofen is gradually released from these formulations, with higher concentration preparations releasing more drug. Early data also suggest that increasing tablet-based formulation concentrations may enhance drug release and offer a more cost-effective compounding method compared to using pure active ingredient. However, both compounded options are still more expensive than commercial oral ibuprofen tablets. Overall, this research supports the feasibility of topical ibuprofen as an alternative dosage form. Its development could broaden pain management options for patients needing localized relief while providing insights into compounding methods that balance effectiveness and cost.

No One Flourishes from the Sidelines: Active Citizenship in Aristotle's Politics

Presenter(s): Grace Lyons

Abstract:  My thesis argues, through a lens of Aristotle's Politics, that human flourishing (eudaimonia) is inherently civic: individuals realize their highest potential only through active participation in the life of a well-ordered polis. Reading Nicomachean Ethics and Politics as a continuous inquiry into the human good, I contend that ethical development and political engagement are inseparable. Aristotle presents the polis as the "complete partnership" oriented toward the good life, in which virtue is cultivated.Thus, flourishing is not a private achievement but a public practice formed within civic structures. Central to this argument is Aristotle's definition of citizenship as participation in judicial functions. Through such engagement, individuals exercise the rational capacities that define human nature, making political activity the fullest expression of excellence. In a just constitution, the virtues of the good citizen and the good person converge, demonstrating that ethical excellence is a fundamentally communal project. At the same time, my thesis critically examines the limits of Aristotle's framework. Aristotle's exclusion of women, slaves, and foreigners in the polis reveals a tension within his account of flourishing, as those denied citizenship are also denied full participation in the conditions that produce virtue. Thus, how are they to achieve virtue if not given such opportunities? Yet, Aristotle's emphasis on oikonomia suggests that the polis depends upon the labor of those it excludes, thus creating a potential loophole or backdoor into citizenship. This paradox exposes an internal contradiction: the civic flourishing Aristotle celebrates is sustained by unseen forms of participation on the margins. By foregrounding Aristotle as a lens, this project demonstrates both the power and the limits of defining flourishing as civic, ultimately inviting reflection on who should be afforded opportunity in pursuit of the good life.

Nietzsche and Homer

Presenter(s): Clarke Finger

Abstract:  Few philosophers have been as influential and divisive as Friedrich Nietzsche in the conversation of philosophical ethics. His scathing critique of Christian morality, and his radically new ethical framework, sent shockwaves through Western Europe in the nineteenth century. Nietzsche admired and drew inspiration from the Homeric Greeks in formulating his conception of "noble morality." This depiction of morals was remarkably elitist and individualistic, elevating the noble to actions "beyond good and evil." Nietzsche challenged modern determinations of morality, encouraging a language based on "strength" and "weakness" instead of "right" and "wrong". The aim of this project was to explore if Nietzsche took any significant deviations in defining the "noble ethic" when compared to the values expressed by Homer. This paper articulates the extent of Nietzsche's Greek influence, and whether this influence is appropriately expressed in his ethical framework. I addressed this inquiry through a careful examination of Nietzsche's individualism, and an examination of community values within the Homeric stories. I discovered, and argue, that Nietzsche's strong individualism does not adequately express the values of the Homeric community, and instead minimizes the importance of interpersonal obligation. This research connects the influence of the classics to Nietzsche's philosophy, while emphasizing that his moral conclusions do not necessarily follow from a wholistic account of the Homeric values. The implications of this work suggest that Nietzsche's fierce individualism was not essentially derived from the Homeric stories but a unique product of his personal convictions. This paper uniquely describes the Homeric values of community neglected by Nietzsche's ethic.

Easing Period Pain: Evaluating Strength vs. Relaxation Exercises to Mitigate Menstrual Discomfort?

Presenter(s): Anna Dymond, Sophie Jackson, Tori Moody

Abstract:  Primary dysmenorrhea can profoundly harm women who are trying to be productive, and limited research exists to help them. This study aims to investigate the differences between pelvic floor relaxation and strengthening techniques on women impacted by menstrual pain. Healthy menstruating females (n = 50; age = 18-35) participated in this study. Participants tracked menstrual distress for two full menstrual cycles. The first cycle took place during the participants' first menstrual period and served as the control condition. Exercises were randomly assigned seven days after the first day of participant's first menstrual cycle. The second cycle occurred after the participant had completed one week of their assigned exercises following the first period. Results from this study demonstrate that the integration of relaxation exercises show greater benefits for pain mitigation. This technique yields a larger month-to-month improvement on cramp frequency, symptom days, and MDQ Total when compared to a strengthening program.

Development of Infrared Spectroscopy Simulations

Presenter(s): Joseph Schellenberg

Abstract:  This research focused on developing code to simulate infrared spectroscopy in thin-film systems. Infrared spectroscopy is often used to study surface-bound and multilayer materials, but the spectra can be difficult to interpret when multiple interfaces contribute reflection, transmission, absorption, and interference effects. A computational model of these systems can help connect theoretical optical behavior with experimental spectra. The project began with single-interface optics, using Snell's law and Fresnel coefficients to calculate reflected and transmitted light. The model was then expanded to include complex refractive indices so that absorbing materials and metallic surfaces could also be treated. From there, additional routines were added to calculate phase shifts, evanescent wave behavior, and two-interface systems. The code was ultimately extended to multilayer systems through the transfer matrix method, allowing reflection and transmission to be simulated for layered structures with wavelength-dependent optical constants. The final program simulates infrared spectra for multilayer thin film materials. It accepts spectral n and k data as inputs, and calculates reflectance, transmittance, and phase behavior. It then displays them with a variety of visualization tools. This provides a computational framework for interpreting infrared spectra in thin-film and surface-science research. By extending optical modeling from simple interfaces to arbitrary multilayer systems, the project creates a tool that can support future analysis of experimental spectra in chemistry, physics, and materials science.

Who does discipline belong to and why? Analyzing the relationship between racial composition and the severity of discipline

Presenter(s): Chyna Bates

Abstract:  Racial disparities in school discipline are a persistent issue in the US public school system. Research has shown that students from marginalized racial groups, particularly Black and Hispanic students, face disproportionate rates of suspension, expulsion, and other disciplinary actions compared to their White peers. These disparities in punishments have contributed to high incarceration rates and self-deportation among minority students, reflecting the ongoing generational racism influenced by exclusionary zero-tolerance policies. While much attention has focused on individual-level factors contributing to these disparities, less is known about the role of school-level factors, such as racial composition. My research project is How does school-level racial composition have an influence on disciplinary outcomes in public schools within a shared state policy framework? Guided by theoretical frameworks of colorblind racism and systemic racism, this research aims to contribute to the scholarly literature on the school-to-prison pipeline, the school-to-deportation pipeline, and how they are shaped by structural and underlying factors of racism in the US. Using regression analysis to examine 9,006 cases of in-school and out-of-school suspensions from publicly available data from Texas public school records (2023-2024), I hypothesize that racial composition will significantly predict disciplinary outcomes while controlling for students' SES, teachers' racial composition, school size, school level, and urbanicity. This research will contribute to schools' policies on discipline and help develop better alternatives to current practices.

A Loss of Liberty or a Loss of Life? A Fifty-State Analysis of the Effect Prison Conditions Have on Prison Violence and Recidivism.

Presenter(s): Lauren M Franks

Abstract:  My research project is a mixed-methods study, using a quantitative analysis of all fifty states and a qualitative analysis of two states-Alabama and Virginia, evaluating how each state's varying prison conditions impact violence and recidivism. The primary purpose of prisons is to rehabilitate criminals into law-abiding, productive members of society, and to retributively punish criminal conduct. The punishment a prison distributes is a loss of liberty and freedom, not a sentence to physical or mental abuse. Analyzing the reality of institutional faults within the carceral state unveils the inhumanity of prison conditions and reveals its disastrous effects-violence and a return to criminal activity. Improving prison conditions is not equivocal to being soft on crime; it is upholding the Eighth Amendment and creating a carceral state that can successfully rehabilitate individuals while they serve their sentence, a loss of liberty. I hypothesize that adverse prison conditions significantly increase recidivism and the likelihood of violence within prison. Prior research focuses on the characteristics of individual offenders as determinants of violence within prisons, however further research of the carceral environment is pivotal for identifying the causes of violence and repeat offenders. Research of correctional officers is nearly nonexistent, echoing institutional secrecy within prisons. My study will utilize previous research on police officer turnover and utilize the human capital theory. The mixed methods study analyzing the relationship between prison conditions and recidivism and prison violence in the fifty states argue that prison conditions are institutional flaws that are detrimental. Preliminary results suggest there is a significant relationship between prison conditions and violence and recidivism; however, further analysis will reveal evidentiary results in the coming weeks.

Intimate Partner Violence and Women's Labor Force Participation: Legal and Macroeconomic Implications

Presenter(s): Abby Bell

Abstract:  Does legislation regarding violence against women, specifically intimate partner violence (IPV), influence women's labor force participation? While existing literature suggests that violence against women increases women's labor force participation rates through mechanisms such as male backlash and rent extraction, the long-term relationship between IPV and labor force participation remains unclear. Institutional forces that create norms within our society serve to limit women's economic advancement and structure power dynamics within intimate relationships, influencing both violence and labor outcomes. This study examines whether state-level IPV legislation in the U.S. affects women's labor force participation. I hypothesize that stronger IPV laws will be associated with lower women's labor force participation, while weaker laws will be associated with higher participation, reflecting previous studies on short-term violence responses. Using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey (CPS) and WomensLaw.org, this study determines the strength of existing IPV legislation and uses regression analysis to examine how legislation influences levels of violence and workforce participation across states. This research will provide a deeper understanding of how legal protections against IPV intersect with economic behavior, enabling policymakers seeking to improve labor market outcomes as well as the well-being of women in the United States.

The Influence of Teacher-Student Trust on Cheating Behaviors

Presenter(s): Sara Erenda, Alaina Su, Ariana Usher

Abstract:  Cheating in academic settings remains a significant concern for educators. This study explored how students' trust in their instructors affects their likelihood of engaging in dishonest behavior and whether this relationship differs between general education and major-specific courses. Seventy undergraduate students completed a within-subjects survey featuring four hypothetical scenarios that varied in trust level and course type. Responses included six items from the Teacher Trust Inventory as well as two questions measuring justification for cheating and the likelihood of cheating. Data were analyzed using a 2x2 repeated-measures ANOVA to assess the impact of trust and course type. Results indicate that promoting strong, trust-based relationships between teachers and students may serve as an effective approach to mitigating academic dishonesty.

Adult Attachment Styles and Career Choice

Presenter(s): Grace McDonnell

Abstract:  Attachment theory suggests early relationships shape internal working models that influence adult behavior, including career preferences. This study examined whether romantic and global attachment styles predict career interests using Holland's RIASEC model. It was hypothesized that anxious attachment would relate to Social or Enterprising careers, while avoidant attachment would relate to more independent fields.Eighty-two undergraduates (86.6% female; 89% White; ages 18-23) completed an online survey. Romantic attachment was measured with the ECR-R and global attachment with the ECR-RS, yielding anxiety and avoidance scores (reliabilities = .88-.96). Career interests were assessed with the 18-item Holland Code REST-2 (reliabilities = .68-.88). Pearson correlations examined relationships between attachment and career categories.Results partially supported predictions for avoidance. Global avoidance was negatively correlated with Social (r = -.34, p = .002) and Enterprising (r = -.23, p = .039) interests. Romantic avoidance was negatively correlated with Social interests (r = -.24, p = .027) and showed a nonsignificant negative trend with Enterprising interests. No other significant associations with avoidance emerged. Contrary to predictions, anxious attachment was not significantly related to Social, Enterprising, or Conventional careers.Findings suggest avoidant attachment is associated with lower interest in people-oriented or leadership careers, consistent with tendencies toward independence and emotional distance. Anxious attachment may not strongly shape career preferences. Limitations include a homogeneous sample, self-report measures, and correlational design. Future research should examine whether attachment predicts career outcomes across more diverse populations.

Personality As a Predictor of Academic Success in the Field of Psychology

Presenter(s): Annalee LeDuff

Abstract:  This study's purpose was to observe potential significant themes in personality that could influence academic success in psychology. As psychology emerges to play a prominent role in society's wellness, it is pertinent to understand how to best prepare the students who will one day take charge. Focusing on junior and senior undergraduate students, this study aims to measure the degree of success that will lead to higher education and eventual career development. This study employed a correlational research design conducted in an anonymous online survey via Qualtrics. Individuals answered questions regarding academic self-efficacy, growth mindset, and items assessing personality. In addition, they provided academic records, including achievements and accolades. The results of the survey were then analyzed to see if themes emerge proving correlation between a specific personality type and the academic success needed to become a psychologist.

The Impact of Mental Illness and Stress-Inducing Factors on Baseline Cortisol Levels

Presenter(s): Rachel Payne

Abstract:  Prior research suggests that baseline cortisol levels, hormones that regulate stress responses, can be altered by various factors, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression disorders. This study contributes to a growing body of research examining the physiological correlates of mental health in young adult populations, particularly within the college environment, where stress-related disorders are prevalent. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether college students experiencing higher baseline cortisol levels reported more severe symptoms of anxiety and depression and higher exposure to traumatic events. Data was collected via saliva collection and self-assessment questionnaires (n=50). Cortisol concentrations were analyzed from saliva samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The questionnaires used were the Perceived Stress Scale, Impact of Events Scale-Revised, Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire-Revised, Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Adults, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and a demographics questionnaire. Correlation analyses revealed the strongest significant association was between PTSD and depression factors, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of PTSD tend to report higher depression levels (r=.761, p<.001). Participants who reported more severe anxiety symptoms also revealed higher depression symptoms (r=.735, p<.001). Associations between cortisol levels and questionnaire scores were weak and not statistically significant, indicating that unrecorded factors may be altering cortisol levels (r<0.2, p>.05). The results of the study underscore the importance of strengthening stress management programs, mental health services, and promoting holistic wellness initiatives on college campuses. Further research should include other factors that may alter cortisol levels, such as sleep quality, medication usage, and substance abuse.

Does Experience impact your Memory on Dance Choreography?

Presenter(s): Emme Pagelson and Anna Morgan Shelton

Abstract:  This study examined the relationship between a dancer's level of expertise and their capacity for remembering. The sample for the study was thirty female dancers, all from Samford University, and who were divided into three groups according to their level of dance experience: High, Medium, and Low. Students were given two different lists of dance words, one with logical combinations and one with illogical combinations. Students had 30 seconds to memorize both lists. Students in the High dance experience group scored significantly higher than other groups, F(2, 27) = 3.857, p = 0.034, partial eta squared ≤ = 0.222. Interestingly, students in the Medium dance experience group scored significantly lower than the other groups. When asked to recognize words from the illogical list, there were no significant findings, F(2, 27) = 0.932, ns. These findings suggest that the capacity of working memory can be increased when terms are familiar and logically grouped items can be chunked together. For highly trained dancers, the findings may enhance confidence in their ability to recall sequences of steps and provide practical strategies for improving memory and performance during rehearsals or routines. It will also give everyone insight into ways people hold their memory.

Comparing Attention Spans with Different Levels of Cell Phone Exposure

Presenter(s): Kate Chambers,, Rosemary Parker

Abstract:  Cell phones have become one of the most common sources of distraction in modern learning environments such as classrooms, libraries, and lectures. The present study examined how varying levels of cell phone exposure influence attention and memory during reading. Participants completed two ACT-style reading passages and then answered 18 multiple-choice comprehension questions under one of four conditions: a No Phone group, a Focus (Do Not Disturb) group, a Phone Up group, or a Notifications group. The data revealed a significant effect of condition on comprehension performance, with the Phone Up condition producing significantly lower scores than the No Phone condition in both passages. These findings suggest that even the passive presence of a phone when learning and studying, particularly when placed face up on a desk, may impair attention and memory during academic tasks. Reducing visible phone exposure in classroom or study settings may therefore support improved learning outcomes.

Reading for Pleasure in College Students and Its Connection to Personality and Empathy

Presenter(s): Anna Woodgeard, Eli Covil, and Sydnie Taylor

Abstract:  Reading, whether it be fiction or non-fiction, is a common activity college students engage with across the world. This study asks: how reading for pleasure relates to personality traits and empathy in college students? In order to answer this question, data was collected through online surveys that asked participants' (n=75) questions to understand their reading habits, genre preferences, personality traits, sensitivity, and empathy. Currently, analysis of data is in progress. We plan to group participants based on whether they read for pleasure or not and run statistical tests to see effects between personality traits, sensitivity, and empathy. If findings prove to be significant, it will provide research beneficial to educators on how reading affects students' development emotionally.

Human Touch or Digital Brush: Does having an artistic background help differentiate between human-made and ai-made art?

Presenter(s): Kate Maze, Ella Fordham, Ana Michelle Vandiver

Abstract:  As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly capable of producing images that closely resemble human-created artwork, questions about how people perceive and evaluate art more important. This study examines whether a person's artistic background influences how accurately they can distinguish between AI-generated and human-created art. Specifically, it explores whether individuals with experience in areas such as drawing or photography are better at identifying the origins of artwork compared to those without such experience. By looking at accuracy, this research contributes to broader discussions about perception and the evolving relationship between humans and technology. Art is traditionally seen as a human form of expression shaped by lived experience. People connect more strongly with work they believe is authentically human. AI-generated art challenges this, as it can appear realistic without human intent. Distinguishing between human and AI-made art is becoming more difficult. In this context, artistic background is important. Individuals with artistic experience have elevated understanding of composition, helping them recognize subtle differences and make improved judgments about authenticity. In this study, participants (n=185) completed a survey in which they viewed a series of images and determined whether each was AI-generated or human-made. They also reported if they had any artistic background. Accuracy scores were then compared between those with and without artistic experience using an independent samples t-test. Results showed that participants with an artistic background (M = 6.29, SD = 1.78) performed significantly better than those without (M = 5.78, SD = 1.89), t(185) = 1.881, p < .05, although the effect size was small (d = 0.28). This suggests that artistic experience provides some advantage in distinguishing between AI and human-made art. It also places importance on artistic training and literacy in an increasingly digital world.

Searching for Causes of Student Self-Censorship in the Classroom

Presenter(s): Jake Millage, Connor MacHarg, Mason Mizell

Abstract:  In classroom settings, students often remain silent when presented with open-ended questions, a behavior commonly referred to as self-censorship. This study examined the possible influence of student trust in their instructor and familiarity with peers on the likelihood of self-censorship. Our survey was administered to a pool of students at Samford University, which presented hypothetical classroom scenarios that each varied in instructor trustworthiness and peer familiarity. Participants rated their likelihood of self-censoring in each scenario. Results indicated that students were most likely to participate in classrooms where they felt high levels of trust in the instructor. Additionally, students reported a greater likelihood of participation among unfamiliar peers, we hypothesize that concerns about embarrassment or social judgment among close peers may inhibit responses. These findings highlight the importance of student trust in promoting classroom engagement and suggest that social dynamics among peers also play a role in student participation. This research provides insight into factors that influence self-censorship and offers practical implications for education professionals to implement more open and discussion-based learning environments.

A Literature Review of the Impact of Technology-Based Lactation Support on the Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding Among African American Mothers in the United States

Presenter(s): Renee E. Freeman

Abstract:  Introduction Breast milk is widely recognized as the best form of nutrition for infants starting at birth through six months of age. Breast milk provides essential nutrients and unique immunity benefits. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the first six months and continuation through 2 years as mutually acceptable by mother and baby. Healthy People 2030 breastfeeding objectives have targets of 42.4% for exclusive breastfeeding of infants through 6 months and 54.1% for exclusive breastfeeding of infants through 1 year. Although there has been an upward trend in the number of mothers who initiate breastfeeding overall, disparities still exist among low-income women in the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding through six months. Methods A literature review was completed using the results of a database search of articles from 2019 - 2025. A thematic analysis was conducted on 14 out of 52 articles identified based upon inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information from each article was extracted and recorded using an MS Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet information was analyzed to identify findings, similarities, differences, conclusions, and areas for future research. Results The results from the literature review are presented by topic area highlighting overall findings and key insights obtained from each group of articles. Conclusion/Public Health Implications The needs of pregnant and postpartum African American women are complex, encompass shifting cultural norms regarding breastfeeding, and should support all feeding options as acceptable.

Uncovering barrier and resilience mechanisms in pediatric drug resistance: a thematic analysis of Opt4Kids study data

Presenter(s): Olivia Douglas

Abstract:  Objective HIV drug resistance amongst children living with HIV is a complex, multifactorial phenomenon. Data collected in a trial of HIV treatment outcomes among children living with HIV in Kenya were used to identify themes related to barriers to and resiliencies for viral suppression and minimizing drug resistance. Methods A thematic analysis of case study forms was completed by staff for children with viremia and drug resistance. Barriers and facilitators using inductive coding to organize emerging themes were identified. These were further delineated by three domains based on our conceptual socioecologic model: biomedical, sociobehavioral/psychosocial, and health systems. Results Out of 111 participant cases reviewed, biomedical barriers for viral suppression included suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens due to drug resistance (44%) and intolerable side effects (19%). Biomedical resiliencies included clinical adaptations (50%), such as ART regimen changes to address drug resistance and simplification of regimens. Sociobehavioral/psychosocial barriers were prevalent (>75%), encompassing family disruptions (54%), disclosure/stigma (51%), and social determinants (35%) (e.g., food insecurity, transportation). The resiliencies included structured socioeconomic peer support programs to prioritize medication adherence (53%), and intensified case management (14%). Health system barriers included medication availability (2%), and resiliencies included HIV education and counseling to support treatment adherence (20%). Conclusion Addressing HIV drug resistance and treatment adherence requires a multidimensional approach that responds to barriers and leverages resiliencies at biomedical, sociobehavioral/psychosocial, and health system levels. The study's findings underscore the importance of adaptive clinical practices, social programs, and health education.

Expanding Access to Health Care Through Free Health Clinics

Presenter(s): Cristal Quintana

Abstract:  Access to health care remains a significant challenge in Alabama, particularly for uninsured and low income populations in rural communities. This study explores how free clinics serve as a critical safety net by examining patient access at the Community of Hope Clinic. Using the healthcare access framework developed by Penchansky and Thomas, this cross sectional descriptive study evaluates key dimensions of access. These dimensions included availability, accessibility, accommodation, and acceptability. Data were collected through patient questionnaires administered in the clinic setting, with surveys offered in both English and Spanish to ensure inclusivity. Participants included uninsured individuals living below the federal poverty level who had previously received care at the clinic. Findings aim to identify both barriers and strengths in accessing care, highlighting the role of free clinics in reducing health disparities and alleviating long term healthcare system burdens. Despite their importance, free clinics often face funding challenges and remain under researched. This study underscores their impact on improving healthcare access and outcomes for vulnerable populations in Alabama.

Effective Interventions for Justice Involved Youth: A Systematic Review

Presenter(s): Meredith Wicktom

Abstract:  Justice-involved youth in the United States experience disproportionately high rates of trauma, environmental adversity, and recidivism, with up to 80% reoffending within three years of release. Guided by the person-in-environment perspective and ecological systems theory, this mixed-methods systematic review examined the effectiveness of trauma-informed and psychosocial interventions implemented in juvenile detention facilities, long-term secure treatment centers, and community-based programs. Sixteen peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2025 were analyzed, including 13 quantitative and 3 qualitative studies. Findings showed that interventions addressing multiple ecological levels - particularly family-centered models, trauma-focused therapies, and community-based reentry supports - were more effective in reducing recidivism and improving emotional regulation, family functioning, and overall wellbeing. Programs delivered exclusively during detention were limited by short stays, trauma exposure within facilities, and barriers to continuity of care. Qualitative evidence highlighted the influence of chronic environmental stressors, systemic inequities, and youth perceptions of safety and support in shaping intervention outcomes. Despite promising practices, gaps remain regarding standardized trauma assessments, long-term reentry support, and prevention-oriented interventions in schools and communities. This review underscores the need for holistic, trauma-responsive, and collaborative systems of care that address both individual symptoms and the broader ecological conditions that contribute to youth justice involvement.

Effects of Sexually Explicit Material Use on Relationships

Presenter(s): Ashlyn Barrett

Abstract:  This qualitative study explored the perceived effects of sexually explicit material (SEM) use on romantic relationships and self-perception among young adults (aged 19-23). Guided by two primary research questions exploring the impact of SEM on relational expectations and self-satisfaction, the study utilized semi-structured interviews with eight participants (four males, four females). Interview questions were developed based on established quantitative instruments, including the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPCS). Thematic analysis yielded three central findings: (1) Initial exposure to SEM was predominantly unintentional (? participants), often occurring in childhood or early adolescence; (2) SEM fostered distorted relational frameworks, leading to unrealistic expectations about intimacy and communication; and (3) Exposure resulted in a negative influence on self-perception, universally causing body image dissatisfaction, shame, and guilt across all participants regardless of gender. These themes support existing quantitative research while providing unique insight into the role of moral incongruence and internalized shame. The findings call for clinical social workers to integrate non-judgmental, trauma-informed interventions focused on cognitive restructuring to address the negative scripts and internalized shame resulting from SEM exposure.

Porn & The Church

Presenter(s): Jake Hughes

Abstract:  This qualitative study examined pornography consumption patterns among Christian men, exploring how religious culture around sexuality shaped their experiences with pornography use, guilt, and identity. Despite growing awareness that pornography consumption is prevalent among practicing Christians, little research has explored ones lived experience. Through semi-structured interviews with 12 male participants, all raised in Christian contexts, this study identified five major themes: a lack of comprehensive sexual education in church, home, and school; early and uninformed exposure to pornography (typically ages 8-13); pervasive guilt and shame that often created cyclical patterns of consumption and distress; perception that religious communities were not safe spaces for discussing sexual struggles; and negative impacts on relationships and self- perception. Findings align with existing research on moral incongruence while revealing that the severity of sexual education absence and feelings of unsafety in religious communities influence already practicing Christians. This research has significant implications for mental health practice, suggesting the need for clinical approaches to address shame and moral incongruence rather than focusing solely on behavioral change. Mezzo-level collaboration with faith communities must develop healthier sex education and support systems, while comprehensive programs at the macro-level would benefit by including religious communities. The findings underscore that addressing pornography-related concerns within Christian contexts requires transforming the cultural conditions-silence, shame, inadequate education-that contribute to problematic patterns and psychological distress. Christian mental health clinicians are uniquely positioned to facilitate this transformation, serving as bridges between clinical knowledge and religious communities for those navigating the complex intersection of faith and sexuality.

How the COVID-19 Pandemic has Impacted Alcoholism in the United States: A Systematic Review

Presenter(s): Julie Lowe

Abstract:  This systematic review explored how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the United States. Amid widespread social isolation, economic instability, and heightened mental health challenges, emerging research suggested that alcohol use patterns shifted significantly during and after the onset of the pandemic. This study investigated the extent of these changes, the demographic groups most affected, and the contributing psychosocial factors such as stress, unemployment, and mental health comorbidities. Using peer-reviewed literature published between 2023 and 2025, this review synthesized key findings to identify trends, disparities, and gaps in existing research. Thematic analysis highlighted an increase in solitary drinking behaviors, disproportionate impacts on women and marginalized communities, and disruptions in access to treatment services. The review emphasized the need for trauma-informed, equitable, and accessible interventions to address the long-term consequences of pandemic-related alcohol use. Findings were expected to inform future public health strategies and social work practices aimed at mitigating alcohol-related harm in a post-pandemic context.

Structural Instability, Caregiver Strain, and Crisis: A Mixed-Methods Study of Family Homelessness in Birmingham, Alabama

Presenter(s): Kathryn Hollingsworth

Abstract:  Family homelessness is an escalating public health and social welfare crisis in the United States, placing mothers and children at heightened risk for financial instability, developmental delays, and chronic mental health challenges. National estimates from 2023–2024 indicate that over 770,000 individuals experienced homelessness, with approximately 1,000 individuals affected in Birmingham, Alabama alone. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the effectiveness of local intervention programs, identify service gaps, and explore maternal perceptions of support systems. Quantitative data were derived from One Roof’s Community Snapshot, utilizing Point-in-Time (PIT) counts and demographic trends for 976 individuals in "adult with child" households to establish the community-level context. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and surveys with 14 mothers residing in emergency shelters or transitional housing within Jefferson County. Data were analyzed using thematic and typological approaches to identify patterns in housing outcomes and service utilization. Findings revealed that family homelessness is primarily driven by three interconnected themes: structural instability, caregiver strain, and crisis-driven events. While participants identified individualized case management, emotional support, and access to basic resources as the most effective program components, significant barriers remain—specifically regarding affordable housing access, employment constraints, and long-term financial assistance. The results demonstrate that interventions addressing mental health, economic stability, and family-centered needs simultaneously are best positioned to break the cycle of chronic homelessness. These findings provide critical insights for local policymakers and service providers to strengthen coordinated support systems and facilitate successful exits to permanent housing in Birmingham.

Differences in PTSD Experiences Between Black Men and Women After Reintegrating Into Civilian Life

Presenter(s): De'Ira Williams

Abstract:  This study explored gender differences in the post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experiences of Black male and female veterans after reintegrating into civilian life. Using a qualitative intentionality design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Black veterans from various military branches. Participants described their reintegration journeys, coping strategies, and the ways race, gender, and faith influenced their post service adjustment. Findings revealed four major themes: (1) faith served as a primary coping mechanism across genders, though used differently by men and women; (2) reintegration was experienced as an identity reconstruction process marked by emotional, financial, and relational challenges; (3) PTSD manifested in gender specific ways, with men displaying more avoidant symptoms and women reporting anxiety and cumulative trauma effects; and (4) racial inequities within military and VA systems shaped treatment access, perceptions of care, and long term outcomes. Participants also identified critical gaps in transition support, including lack of financial literacy training, inadequate career guidance, and limited culturally responsive mental health services. These findings aligned with existing literature on racial disparities but highlighted new nuances related to gendered spiritual coping and intersectional trauma. Implications include the need for culturally grounded, gender responsive interventions, expanded transition assistance policies, and future research examining the intersection of race, gender, and spirituality among Black veterans.

Nutrition and Mental Wellness

Presenter(s): Emma Marino

Abstract:  Nutrition and mental health are increasingly recognized as interconnected components of holistic well-being, yet the extent to which emerging social work professionals understand this relationship remains unclear. This study examined social work graduate students' awareness of how their nutrition choices influence their mental status and explored the factors shaping their understanding. Grounded in literature demonstrating links between dietary patterns, nutrient intake, and mental wellness, the research utilized a mixed-methods design combining quantitative and qualitative data. Thirty-six students from a southeastern university completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), along with an open-ended question about influences on their nutrition knowledge. Quantitative findings indicated moderate overall awareness (M = 3.42 on a 1-5 Likert scale), with nearly half of participants rating themselves as highly aware. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed that students' understanding was shaped primarily by informal sources-including personal experience, social relationships, media exposure, and self-directed education-rather than structured academic instruction. These findings align with existing literature highlighting gaps in nutrition literacy and limited integration of nutrition-related content within social work education. The study underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches that incorporate evidence-based nutrition education into social work curricula, policy development, and practice frameworks. Strengthening nutritional literacy among future social workers may enhance their ability to address mental health through a more holistic, biopsychosocial lens.

The Impact of Family Cohesion and Socioeconomic Status on Child Behavior

Presenter(s): Dory williams

Abstract:  This systematic review explored how family cohesion and socioeconomic status (SES) influence child behavior in children ages 5-12. Eight recent longitudinal studies from several countries were analyzed. Overall, the findings showed that lower SES is linked to more behavioral problems, including higher internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while higher family cohesion-such as strong communication, emotional support, and consistent routines-is associated with better emotional regulation and prosocial behavior. Several studies also showed that family cohesion can help buffer the negative effects of low SES, suggesting that supportive family environments can reduce stress and improve behavioral outcomes even in economically disadvantaged households. Although the studies used different ways of measuring SES and family cohesion, the overall patterns were consistent. These results highlight the importance of addressing both family relationships and economic stressors in social work practice. Future research should look more closely at which parts of family cohesion matter most and how cultural factors shape the relationship between SES and child behavior.

Peer Connections and Communication: Professional Perspectives on Friend Interactions with AAC Users

Presenter(s): Lily Hicks, Lauren Frederick, Emma Nails, Amelia Tomlinson

Abstract:  Research question: How do educational professionals perceive the role and responses of peers in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) among children with complex communication needs (CCN)? Context: Children's social values and attitudes towards disability influence friendship formation. Attitudes which affect friendship include familiarity with the disability, curiosity, and fear/uncertainty. Research highlights that individuals with CCN experience barriers to friendship development such as slower conversations, difficulty repairing misunderstandings, and challenges sharing experiences. Peer interaction plays a critical role in social development, but children who use AAC have very few interactions even when placed in general education classrooms. Methods/Processes: Following IRB approval, a 15-question survey focused on AAC experiences was distributed to educational professionals. The current study analyzes data from two close-ended and one open-ended questions targeting peer interactions. Using reflexive coding analysis, we conducted two levels of coding based on responses provided to the open-ended question. Descriptive statistics were analyzed for the closed-ended questions. Findings/results: Preliminary results were analyzed for 45 educational professionals. We consensus coded each response to identify initial themes across the categories of positive, negative, and neutral. A single participant's response could be divided into multiple coded segments. Results revealed 29 positive, 16 neutral, and 6 negative responses.Importance/Implications: The majority of responses indicate positive interactions between peers and their friends who are AAC users. However, there remains confusion, uncertainty, and negative responses among peers. Contribution: These findings offer hope for building more inclusive educational experiences, removing current barriers, and identifying opportunities for advocacy.

Community Early Intervention Providers' Perspectives on Supporting Minimally Verbal and Autistic Children

Presenter(s): Abigail Nowlin, Caroline Thompson, Isabel Harrell, Megan Dalfonso

Abstract:  Research Question: How do early interventionists describe the parent education they provide to caregivers of autistic children, and the factors that influence families' use of effective interventions? Context: Research shows that parent training for autism is highly underutilized, especially in marginalized communities. Community-based early interventionists are positioned to improve this underutilization as they are often the front line provider for families with young children with increased likelihood for autism. Early intervention is state-funded, free, and available to all children with developmental disabilities and their families. Caregivers report lacking confidence in implementing evidence-based interventions, but implementation is more likely when families are motivated, invested in the strategies, and when their goals for their child align with their providers' goals. Relatively little is known about how providers perceive the effectiveness of their education and implementation efforts, especially with minimally verbal children. Methods: A 22-question Qualtrics survey was submitted to the IRB for approval and will be sent out statewide to early intervention providers that serve these marginalized communities. This survey asks both closed and open-ended questions about early interventionists' caregiver education, perceived facilitators and barriers, and observed efficacy. Findings: Data collection is ongoing. Descriptive and qualitative results will be presented. Importance: This work offers valuable insight into how early intervention providers inform and support caregivers with young autistic children. Findings could help shape training opportunities to enhance child and family outcomes, while building stronger provider/family relationships. Contribution: These findings could support training opportunities to enhance equitable community-based interventions that integrate evidence-based practices.

Does Specialized Program Individualizing Reading Excellence (SPIRE) increase word reading in school age students?

Presenter(s): Anna Garrett, Grace Kretzmeier, Ella Stacey, Regan Earwood

Abstract:  This work builds on a multi-year study aiming to refine dosing for a potential approach to improve literacy outcomes in elementary students. Significant literacy challenges in Alabama continue, 2023 reading test results indicate that 22% of students statewide are unable to read at grade level. Pressure on students, parents, and educators persists in response to the Alabama Literacy Act that mandates third graders demonstrate reading proficiency prior to grade advancement. Socioeconomically disadvantaged areas demonstrate a disproportionate number of students reading below grade level. For example, Birmingham City Schools has reported 45% of students reading below grade level. Last year, we presented data about first and fourth grade students who received treatment one time per week with clinically significant gains in one area. This year we are interested in determining if increased dosing will result in larger gains in both areas. We continue our work determining the effectiveness of the SPIRE program, which focuses on clinician led multisensory reading instruction with third and fourth graders at a Birmingham City school. Students are provided with structured literacy treatment individually and in small groups at school by undergraduate CSDS students for 30-minute sessions two times a week during the fall 2025 and spring 2026 semesters, representing an increased dose of intervention each week. The Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE-2) Form A was administered to students at baseline and Form B will be readministered after intervention to assess word reading ability. Statistical analysis will include paired t-tests to assess pre-post TOWRE-2 differences. Alpha level of significance will be .05. We hypothesize that an increased dose of structured reading intervention, even with minimally trained clinicians, will significantly impact word reading for third and fourth grade students.

Increase word reading in school age English Learner (EL) students: Does the Specialized Program Individualizing Reading Excellence (SPIRE) help?

Presenter(s): Amelia Whitefield, Melanie Blandon, Tate Reinhardt

Abstract:  The educational experiences of students of Hispanic origin are challenging to navigate because they vary in country of origin, economic experience, religion, and languages spoken. For example, second language learners are often over-referred for special education services in schools because it is hard to determine language difference versus language disorder. Determining a difference versus disorder requires knowledge in the areas of phonemic and language variations in Spanish influenced English and is essential for teaching and assessing reading ability and spelling skills. The purpose of this prospective pre/post study was to evaluate one potential program to improve literacy outcomes in English Learner (EL) students in the third and fourth grades at a Birmingham City school. SPIRE is a research-proven program designed to support multilingual learners in enhancing their reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills in English. EL students were provided with structured literacy treatment individually at school by undergraduate CSDS students for 30-minute sessions two times a week during the fall 2025 and spring 2026 semesters. A standardized assessment list of words from Level 1 of SPIRE was administered to students at baseline and will be re-administered after intervention to assess word reading ability. An informal assessment was selected to support validity. Statistical analysis will include paired t-tests to assess if statistically significant improvement (p<.05) occurred post therapy. It is hypothesized that results will show significant impact on word reading post intervention.

Unsafe Volume Levels of Headphone Usage

Presenter(s): Madeline Walters

Abstract:  Question addresses: How do unsafe volume levels affect people in the long term? (Awareness about the subject) The purpose of my abstract is to inform audience members about unsafe volume levels for headphones and how it affects listeners in the long run. It will used as a method to spread awareness to all people who listen to music, podcasts, etc, and will hopefully be used to spread reliable information people can trust and find as a liable source. I am in the process of creating a poster, billboard graphic, social media posts, and magazine ad graphics to further inform people about the problem and a possible solution. I will address my research question by creating graphics and sharing statistics and facts about the unsafe levels of headphone use and the longterm effects. I also want my chosen approach to be fairly informative, while also not losing the older and young target audience members. For example, I want to spread reliable, true information but create the informational materials in a way that draws people in making them want to know more. My findings have concluded that unsafe levels exist whether we choose to believe it or not. There is extremely severe effects in the long run about listening at high levels and how this can trigger our brain, dismantle our hearing, and cause hearing loss and other hearing-related injuries. My work is important because it relates to all people who listen to music. It relates to all ages, and some people are not informed of the effects that the volumes may cause. My work contributes to my field in the way that I am making certain deliverables after doing extensive research on the subject matter. The goal of the work is to create eye catching graphics that address a problem at hand, while hoping to fix an issue and cause social awareness about the subject.

Behind Closed Doors

Presenter(s): Marlee Jones

Abstract:  Not all poverty looks the same. Some doesn't look like poverty at all. This project explores how visual design can reveal the unseen reality of hidden poverty among working Americans. According to a 2022 survey reported by CNBC, 1 in 5 employed individuals struggles to make ends meet, with roughly 20% running out of money before their next paycheck. This is a harsh but true reality and many people fail to realize it. By combining social impact and editorial design, my campaign 'Behind Closed Doors' challenges traditional portrayals of poverty that rely on extreme or highly visible hardship. While poverty is often associated with homelessness or lack of access to basic needs, this project focuses on the less visible experiences of financial instability within the working and middle class. It draws attention to individuals who appear stable on the surfacewhile quietly facing financial stress behind the scenes. To address this question, a visual campaign is being developed that translates data into design. Using a consistent system of black-and-white imagery with selective red highlights, roughly 1 in 5 individuals are emphasized within crowds to reflect the statistic visually. Each piece is paired with short, situational phrases that represent internal struggles not immediately visible to others Through visualizing this data through subtle design, the goal is to make this hidden poverty issue more noticeable without relying on exaggeration. This approach is meant to highlight the importance of awareness and perception in understanding this sect of poverty. By focusing on subtlety and everyday contexts, this project provides a more realistic and accessible way of representing poverty, encouraging viewers to look closer and reconsider what financial struggle can look like. We never truly know what is going on behind closed doors.

Reframing Nature: The Life and Legacy of Paul Cezanne

Presenter(s): Isabella Nabors

Abstract:  This essay explores the life and legacy of French painter Paul Cezanne emphasizing his impact on the city of Aix-en-Provence and the broader Bouches-du-Rhone region. It argues that Cezanne's artistic practice was deeply rooted in natural immersion in the Bouches-du-Rhone region, with an attachment so intense that it ultimately contributed to his death after contracting pneumonia while painting outside. He wasn't just an artist, but also someone who reconnected the world with nature, showing society the similarities between mathematics and art, writing about the relationship between nature and art, and exemplifying the true purpose of art. This essay highlights how Cezanne is the most popular person born in Aix-en-Provence, and how the city celebrated the impact of his work more than a century after his death with the "Cezanne 2025" festival. Additionally it explores Cezanne's trajectory from affluence to poverty through artistic devotion, highlighting his life as a model on how to achieve one's dreams through passion, rather than recognition.